高效Ni 2+ 吸附菌株分离鉴定及特性研究

采用浓度梯度筛选的方法,从活性污泥中筛选到一株能耐受并吸附Ni 2+的菌株,命名为Ni-1.采用单因素法对菌株Ni-1的最适培养条件进行了考察,确定培养条件为t=30℃,pH=7.0,1.0%的NaCl.考察了菌株Ni-1对Cu2+和Ni 2+的吸附性能,并用表面响应法优化了吸附条件.菌株Ni-1吸附Cu2+的最优条件为Cu2+100mg/L、投加菌量(湿重)0.85g、溶液pH=6.0,在此条件下对Cu2+的最大吸附率为87.13%.菌株Ni-1吸附Ni 2+的最优条件为Ni 2+50mg/L、投加菌量(湿重)0.85g、溶液pH=6.0,在此条件下对Ni 2+的最大吸附率为84.32%.实验结果表明该细菌对较低浓度的Cu2+和Ni 2+有较好的吸附性能.     

河道沉积物中重金属的生态修复及根际细菌的原位检测

调查分析了哈尔滨某排污河道化工区段表层沉积物中的重金属（Pb、Zn、Cr、As、Ni、Cu和Cd）含量,通过盆栽试验研究了4种当地具有金属耐性的植物（玉米、酸模叶蓼、龙葵和酸模）对受污染的河道沉积物中重金属的修复效果,进而调查了这4种植物对重金属赋值形态的影响、富集能力及重金属的转运能力.结果显示,排污河道沉积物受到多种重金属的复合污染.表层沉积物中重金属经过两季植物修复后,7种重金属的残渣态均有不同程度的减少,并且金属形态逐渐向铁锰氧化态及可交换态转化,结果说明供试植物能够调节沉积物中重金属的生物有效性.重金属在沉积物中与在植物体内具有相同的总含量趋势：Zn＞Pb＞Ni＞Cr＞Cu＞As＞Cd,该趋势也反映出4种供试植物的生物监测潜能.植物对重金属表现出不同的吸收特性,4种植物对Zn和Ni的富集量相对较大,而Cu在植物地上部分的含量普遍较低,Zn和Ni在植物组织中的含量范围分别为108.4~543.92 mg/kg和36.8~246.91 mg/kg.总体来说,这4种植物主要将金属元素积累在根部,而非地上部分,表现出对重金属的耐受性.酸模叶蓼、酸模和龙葵这3种植物的地上部分分别积累了高浓度的Pb、Zn和Cd,并且具有较高的转运系数（TF>1）,反映出这3种植物对相应的重金属具有植物提取的潜力.采用荧光原位杂交（fluorescence in situ hybridization, FISH）技术,分析对照和经过栽培试验后根际沉积物中真细菌的数量和空间分布,结果表明植物对沉积物中的细菌有明显的活化作用.     

Determination of trace heavy metals in milk using an ionic liquid and bismuth oxide nanoparticles modified carbon paste electrode

A novel carbon composite electrode modified with bismuth oxide nanoparticles and the ionic liquid n-octylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate was fabricated and used to simultaneously determine cadmium and lead levels using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry.This electrode combines the unique advantages of nanomaterials and ionic liquid with the low cost and easy fabrication of the carbon composite electrode.Compared with the traditional binder based composite electrode,our electrode exhibited well-defined and separate stripping voltammetric peaks for cadmium and lead.Furthermore,the antifouling capacity of the bismuth film electrode was significantly improved by the ionic liquid.Under optimized conditions,the linear range of the composite electrode was from 3.0 to 30.0 μg L-1 for both metal ions with a detection limit of 0.15 μg L-1 for cadmium and 0.21 μg L-1 for lead.Trial milk sample analyses showed that the modified electrode was sensitive,reliable and effective for the determination of trace heavy metals,holding great promise for routine analysis applications.     

Effects of five heavy metals at sub-lethal concentrations on the growth and photosynthesis of Chlorella vulgaris

The impact of sub-lethal concentrations(0.05,0.5,5 μmol L 1) of the heavy metals copper(Cu),chromium(Cr),zinc(Zn),cadmium(Cd) and lead(Pb) on the growth and photosynthesis of Chlorella vulgaris was studied during 96 h exposure experiments.The results showed that the effects of these five metals on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris were dependent on both concentration and exposure time.It was found that 5 μmol L 1 treatments of Cu,Cr,Zn,Cd and Pb significantly inhibited the growth of Chlorella vulgaris,and the effect became weaker with an increase in exposure duration.Different effects on chlorophyll fluorescence were found for different metals,with Cu and Cr having an inhibiting effect and Zn and Cd having a promoting effect.The effects of heavy metals upon the growth and photosynthesis of Chlorella vulgaris were independent of each other and not causally related.     

Remobilization of heavy metals during the resuspension of Liangshui River sediments using an annular flume

The release and transport of heavy metals(Ni,Cr,Cu and Pb) from Liangshui River sediments into the overlying water column during the resuspension event were determined using an annular flume with a velocity ranging from 0.15 to 0.35 m/s.It is shown that the suspended particulate matters(SPM) increased as much as nearly 25 times from 165 to 4220 mg/L as the velocity increased.Heavy metals showed an increase in dissolved phase as the velocity increased due to their desorption from the SPM.Acid-soluble heavy metals increased as the velocity increased,indicating that part of the heavy metals transformed from stable phase to labile phase during resuspension.Heavy metal concentrations in the SPM on volume normalization increased by approximately 2-6 times.However,on the mass weighted basis they decreased,approaching the bulk-sediment contents at high velocity,due to the "particle concentration effect".The distribution coefficients(K D) of heavy metals were higher at slower velocity during the sediment resuspension,which could be attributed to the decrease of fine particles(silt/clay fraction) during resuspension.     

异常温压复合地层注热流体井井筒传热计算

考虑到储层温度、压力对于注热开采井井筒热损失的重要性,利用热量传递基本理论和能量守恒原理,建立了含有异常温压储层的注热流体井井筒热损失计算模型。分析了地温梯度和地层压力系数对岩石热物性参数的影响,计算了不同流体注入速率和不同隔热层参数下的井筒热损失程度,并讨论了地层温度压力对井筒流体稳定时间和稳定温度的影响。结果表明,对于单一的砂质沉积,地层压力系数越高,岩石的导热系数越大,热扩散系数越小;温度异常对井筒热损失影响较为明显,存在高温、低压地层的井筒热损失小,井筒流体到达稳定状态时温度较高。该模型可用于现场同类油藏的井筒沿程温度预测。     

广西河池市重金属污染现状分析与治理对策

广西河池市的重金属污染在长期的矿山开采、冶炼、加工以及工业化进程中累积形成,水环境污染、大气环境污染、固体废弃物污染和土壤污染问题日趋严峻,重金属污染事件呈高发态势。这主要是因为河池市的重金属产业结构不合理,环保基础工作薄弱,涉重重点企业的清洁生产低率,同时河池市的重金属污染涉及的行业和部门较多,历史旧帐较多,管理、监察和监测的水平严重滞后,所以河池市的重金属污染防治工作的重点应该定位为"以防为主,治理为辅,防治结合"的方针,深入开展重金属污染调查,合理规划产业布局,全力推进重金属污染减排工作,推行重点企业清洁生产,同时,还要强化重金属污染监察、监测能力建设,做好宣传教育工作,提高全民对重金属污染的防治意识。     

农村饮用水重金属健康风险评价

为研究农村饮用水中重金属对人体的健康危害,对某地区浅层地下水中的重金属进行了监测分析后,对7种重金属所引起的健康风险进行了评价。结果表明,该区域地下水中重金属的总健康风险与致癌健康风险均接近国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的最大可接受值,非致癌健康风险基本属于可忽略水平,其中,需要优先控制管理As和Cd两种重金属元素。     

合肥市污泥重金属污染及农用安全性评价

对取自合肥市王小郢污水处理厂的8个污泥样品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测试了重金属元素含量,对Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Zn、As等7种元素进行了含量分析及地质累积指数评价;对Cr、As、Cu、Zn、Ni等5种元素进行了单因子及内梅罗综合指数评价。结果表明,合肥市污泥重金属含量相对较低,污染状况较轻,符合农用标准。     

基于曝气生物滤池工艺处理老龄垃圾渗滤液

分别在小试和工业化规模上系统研究了基于曝气生物滤池(BAF)的工艺对老龄垃圾渗滤液的处理效果.在实验室中,对比传统生化处理工艺,BAF单元对COD的去除率提高了20%.将基于BAF的组合工艺(厌氧+BAF+膜生物反应器MBR+反渗透RO)应用于深圳某填埋场渗滤液处理,取得了较好的处理效果.BAF单元对COD、氨氮的去除率分别达到31%和94.2%.生物处理单元(包括BAF和MBR)对铜、锌的去除率达到70%以上,而对镍、铬、铅的去除率小于50%.RO膜对重金属的去除率均高于生物处理单元.该组合工艺既保证了生物降解的持续进行,又保证了RO膜的稳定运行.利用GC-MS对生物处理单元有机污染物成分进行了分析,并对其降解机理进行了初步探讨.