Effects of five heavy metals at sub-lethal concentrations on the growth and photosynthesis of Chlorella vulgaris

The impact of sub-lethal concentrations(0.05,0.5,5 μmol L 1) of the heavy metals copper(Cu),chromium(Cr),zinc(Zn),cadmium(Cd) and lead(Pb) on the growth and photosynthesis of Chlorella vulgaris was studied during 96 h exposure experiments.The results showed that the effects of these five metals on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris were dependent on both concentration and exposure time.It was found that 5 μmol L 1 treatments of Cu,Cr,Zn,Cd and Pb significantly inhibited the growth of Chlorella vulgaris,and the effect became weaker with an increase in exposure duration.Different effects on chlorophyll fluorescence were found for different metals,with Cu and Cr having an inhibiting effect and Zn and Cd having a promoting effect.The effects of heavy metals upon the growth and photosynthesis of Chlorella vulgaris were independent of each other and not causally related.     

Remobilization of heavy metals during the resuspension of Liangshui River sediments using an annular flume

The release and transport of heavy metals(Ni,Cr,Cu and Pb) from Liangshui River sediments into the overlying water column during the resuspension event were determined using an annular flume with a velocity ranging from 0.15 to 0.35 m/s.It is shown that the suspended particulate matters(SPM) increased as much as nearly 25 times from 165 to 4220 mg/L as the velocity increased.Heavy metals showed an increase in dissolved phase as the velocity increased due to their desorption from the SPM.Acid-soluble heavy metals increased as the velocity increased,indicating that part of the heavy metals transformed from stable phase to labile phase during resuspension.Heavy metal concentrations in the SPM on volume normalization increased by approximately 2-6 times.However,on the mass weighted basis they decreased,approaching the bulk-sediment contents at high velocity,due to the "particle concentration effect".The distribution coefficients(K D) of heavy metals were higher at slower velocity during the sediment resuspension,which could be attributed to the decrease of fine particles(silt/clay fraction) during resuspension.     

异常温压复合地层注热流体井井筒传热计算

考虑到储层温度、压力对于注热开采井井筒热损失的重要性,利用热量传递基本理论和能量守恒原理,建立了含有异常温压储层的注热流体井井筒热损失计算模型。分析了地温梯度和地层压力系数对岩石热物性参数的影响,计算了不同流体注入速率和不同隔热层参数下的井筒热损失程度,并讨论了地层温度压力对井筒流体稳定时间和稳定温度的影响。结果表明,对于单一的砂质沉积,地层压力系数越高,岩石的导热系数越大,热扩散系数越小;温度异常对井筒热损失影响较为明显,存在高温、低压地层的井筒热损失小,井筒流体到达稳定状态时温度较高。该模型可用于现场同类油藏的井筒沿程温度预测。     

蔬菜重金属污染现状及研究进展

随着环境污染的日益加重,蔬菜产品也受到了不同程度的污染,其中重金属污染是影响蔬菜生长和人类健康的重要因素之一。本文从国内外蔬菜重金属污染的现状、蔬菜对重金属的吸收富集规律、控制蔬菜重金属污染的途径与对策,以及今后蔬菜重金属污染研究的方向与展望等几个方面系统论述了蔬菜重金属污染的研究进展,为下一步开展蔬菜重金属污染研究提供参考依据和经验借鉴。     

广西河池市重金属污染现状分析与治理对策

广西河池市的重金属污染在长期的矿山开采、冶炼、加工以及工业化进程中累积形成,水环境污染、大气环境污染、固体废弃物污染和土壤污染问题日趋严峻,重金属污染事件呈高发态势。这主要是因为河池市的重金属产业结构不合理,环保基础工作薄弱,涉重重点企业的清洁生产低率,同时河池市的重金属污染涉及的行业和部门较多,历史旧帐较多,管理、监察和监测的水平严重滞后,所以河池市的重金属污染防治工作的重点应该定位为"以防为主,治理为辅,防治结合"的方针,深入开展重金属污染调查,合理规划产业布局,全力推进重金属污染减排工作,推行重点企业清洁生产,同时,还要强化重金属污染监察、监测能力建设,做好宣传教育工作,提高全民对重金属污染的防治意识。     

农村饮用水重金属健康风险评价

为研究农村饮用水中重金属对人体的健康危害,对某地区浅层地下水中的重金属进行了监测分析后,对7种重金属所引起的健康风险进行了评价。结果表明,该区域地下水中重金属的总健康风险与致癌健康风险均接近国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的最大可接受值,非致癌健康风险基本属于可忽略水平,其中,需要优先控制管理As和Cd两种重金属元素。     

合肥市污泥重金属污染及农用安全性评价

对取自合肥市王小郢污水处理厂的8个污泥样品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测试了重金属元素含量,对Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Zn、As等7种元素进行了含量分析及地质累积指数评价;对Cr、As、Cu、Zn、Ni等5种元素进行了单因子及内梅罗综合指数评价。结果表明,合肥市污泥重金属含量相对较低,污染状况较轻,符合农用标准。     

新型锅炉燃料油的研究

本文采用调和技术,以物理化学特性参数相似的高温煤焦油和重油为原料制备锅炉用燃料油,主要考察了温度、调和比、胶体磨的剪切研磨作用、煤粉添加量对燃料油粘度的影响.得出调和油粘度变换快慢的分界温度,随着温度升高调和油和油煤浆粘度降低,初步研究了物理降粘度的方法.     

基于曝气生物滤池工艺处理老龄垃圾渗滤液

分别在小试和工业化规模上系统研究了基于曝气生物滤池(BAF)的工艺对老龄垃圾渗滤液的处理效果.在实验室中,对比传统生化处理工艺,BAF单元对COD的去除率提高了20%.将基于BAF的组合工艺(厌氧+BAF+膜生物反应器MBR+反渗透RO)应用于深圳某填埋场渗滤液处理,取得了较好的处理效果.BAF单元对COD、氨氮的去除率分别达到31%和94.2%.生物处理单元(包括BAF和MBR)对铜、锌的去除率达到70%以上,而对镍、铬、铅的去除率小于50%.RO膜对重金属的去除率均高于生物处理单元.该组合工艺既保证了生物降解的持续进行,又保证了RO膜的稳定运行.利用GC-MS对生物处理单元有机污染物成分进行了分析,并对其降解机理进行了初步探讨.     

水葱对矿山排水中重金属的去除研究

通过研究湿地挺水植物水葱（Scirpus validus）对矿山排水中重金属（Cu、Zn、Ni、Mn、Cd）的去除效果,发现水葱对Ni、Mn、Cd的去除效果非常好,浓度去除率均达到80%以上,对Cu、Zn的浓度去除率稍微偏低.水葱吸收到体内的重金属元素主要集中在地下根部;水葱对各种金属元素的去除存在一定的协同作用;水葱蒸腾量的增加在一定程度上能促进水葱对重金属的去除.通过水葱处理后的重金属废水达到GB 8978—1996国家综合排放一级标准.