Microbial communities in microcosm soils treated with battery waste

Battery waste is one of the most destructive hazards to our environment,especially to the soil.In order to understand the effects of the battery waste on the microbial communities in soil,microcosm soils were treated with the powder made from the battery waste.Microbial biomass and respiration were measured after 15,30,45,and 60 days of the treatment,and catabolic capability and Bi- olog profile were determined after 60 days.Microbial biomass was declined by all treatments,while microbial respiration and catabolic ca- pability were enhanced.Although microbial biomass recovered after a period of incubation,microbial respiratory quotient,catabolic capa- bility and community structure remained significantly affected.Our results also suggest that microbial respiratory quotient and Biolog pa- rameters are more sensitive than microbial biomass to the battery stress on bioavailability.     

城市脱水污泥厌氧堆肥研究

针对城市脱水污泥采取静态高温厌氧堆肥试验,进行污泥资源化的研究,为中试生产提供技术依据.结果表明,脱水污泥在14天内基本达到腐熟,基本实现了城市脱水污泥的快速、高效厌氧堆肥.因此,厌氧堆肥处理后的污泥中重金属除铜外均不超过《农用污泥中污染物控制标准》(GB4284-84),可作为园林肥料.     

Nickel accumulation and its effects on the survival rate of Spodoptera litura Fabricius under continuous nickel stress

The artificial diets mixed with various concentrations of nickel were offered to the larvae of the phytophagous insect Spodoptera litura Fabricius for 3 generations. Nickel accumulations in the 6th instar larvae, pupae and newly emerged adults of the corresponding generations of S. litura were investigated by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES), and the effects of nickel accumulations on the survival rate of S. litura were also evaluated by individual rearing. The results showed that nickel accumulated in the 6th instar larvae, pupae and adults of S. litura, and the accu- mulated nickel in all the tested developmental stages within a generation increased with the increase of the nickel doses in the treated diets and showed significant dose-dependent relationship with the nickel doses in the artificial diets. The results also indicated that the nickel accumulations in the 6th instar larvae, pupae, and newly emerged adults from the 3rd generation were higher than those from the 2nd generation, which were also higher than those from the 1st generation. Nickel concentrations in pupae and adults were significantly lower than those in larvae, which indicated that the excessive nickel might be excreted during metamorphosis. Furthermore, larval survival rate, pupation rate and eclosion rate of S. litura in the tested three generations all decreased with the increase of the nickel doses in the treated diets.     

上海中心城区地表灰尘与土壤中重金属累积及污染评价

通过对上海中心城区土壤与地表灰尘和降雨径流样品的取样调查，探讨了城市不同土地利用类型中重金属Cu,Zn,Cr,Pb的累积特征及其环境效应.结果显示：地表灰尘、土壤重金属在不同土地利用类型中的富集程度均高于土壤背景值，且存在显著性差异.相比之下，灰尘重金属污染比土壤严重，同一土地利用类型灰尘重金属P值为土壤的3~4倍.土地利用方式对重金属在地表灰尘和土壤中的积累有较明显的影响.地表灰尘重金属在工业、交通、居住用地中的含量普遍偏高，而在绿地中的含量普遍较低；土壤重金属在交通、商业和绿地中浓度较高，而工业用地中浓度较低.不同土地利用方式对地表径流重金属含量的影响不同，与土壤相比，地表灰尘直接影响到降雨径流重金属含量，两者之间耦合关系明显.工业、交通、居住和商业用地地表径流中，重金属EMC值以工业用地最高，其次为交通用地，商业和居住用地较小，但Cr，Pb，Zn的平均EMC值都超过了国家Ⅴ类水的标准，具有潜在的环境危害.     

青山嘴水库一期基础工程强夯效果分析

以青山嘴水库一期基础工程为具体实例,研究了强夯处理在增加重型动力贯入10 cm最小击数、提高地基承载力、增加干密度以及降低含水率等方面的效果.通过对试验测定的相关数据分析表明:强夯能使重型动力触探贯入10 cm最小锤击数增加417.46%～600%,地基承载力提高119.44%～163.98%,土体干密度增加7.18%～8.23%,土体含水率下降4.93%～45.14%,说明强夯效果非常显著.     

污水处理中二醛纤维素对Cu(Ⅱ)、Cr(Ⅵ)Zn(Ⅱ)的吸附性能研究

采用高碘酸钠溶液对棉纤维进行选择性氧化制得二醛纤维素,运用二醛纤维素对不同重金属离子溶液做吸附性能测试.研究结果表明,二醛纤维素对Cu (Ⅱ)、Cr (Ⅵ)、Zn (Ⅱ)等重金属离子有良好的吸附作用.     

异长叶烯甲基甲酸酯香料合成研究

以江西马尾松重质松节油为主要原料,经精馏、异构化和Prins反应合成了异长叶烯甲基甲酸酯香料。得率达到47.66％。并对反应机理和产物结构进行了探讨。     

W-Ni-Fe重合金相界偏析的研究

使用俄歇能谱仪对合金断口表面进行了细致分析，研究了W-Ni-Fe重合金的相界偏析。指出杂质元素在相界的偏析将导致粘结相与钨晶粒的结合强度降低，从而恶化合金的力学性能。     

恒星重元素丰度随金属丰度的变化规律

利用太阳系的重核素丰度，以及贫金属星的ｓ过程和ｒ过程对丰度的相对贡献，结合贫金属星重元素丰度，提出了一种计算不同金属度贫金属星重核素丰度的方法，并用镁的丰度观测值检验了我们的计算结果．     

直流大电流现场测量的研究

分析了直流大电流现场测量中主要机型的测量原理 .研究了现场测量中抗外扰和内扰的数学模型 ,提出优化传感器设计依据 ,为研制高精度 ,高稳定度的传感器提供了一种技术方法