Release of active oxygen from phytopathogenic bacteria and their regulation

Some phytopathogenic bacteria including Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (a rice leaf bacterial blight pathogen) and its virulent gene mutant XooM3105, Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora and so on, could release active oxygen such as O2 and H2O2 by themselves. Ca2+ , NADPH and O2 concentration regulated the response. The response is sensitive to heat and proteinase. These results show that the component releasing active oxygen in the bacterial plant pathogen may involve special protein and enzyme and be secreted to culture liquid. Various components of rice tissue can significantly induce the release of active oxygen in Xan-thomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.     

应力刺激在植物细胞防卫反应中的作用

在病原菌与植物初步接触并企图定植期间,有一系列的识别活动,其中包括物理学和生化识别等．二者的相互关系,将直接影响以后的侵染．在病原真菌侵染过程中,不仅对植物细胞有一个酶解的过程,还有一个物理挤压的过程．后者的应力刺激几乎总是能够引起细胞壁相关的防卫反应,诸如细胞外超氧化物的产生和胼胝质的沉积等．化学信号和力学信号诱导的有机结合才能引发完整的细胞防卫反应．和哺乳动物细胞相似,植物细胞对于力学信号的感知和传导依赖于细胞壁和细胞膜之间的粘附。该粘附是由包含RGD（Arg-Gly-Asp）序列多肽特异介导的,并且该粘附为植物细胞壁相关防卫基因表达所必需．     

植物对干旱胁迫响应分子机制的研究进展

植物适应干旱环境,以各种反应维持自身的水分平衡,避免或减轻缺水对细胞的危害.本文从功能蛋白、渗透调节因子、转录因子以及蛋白激酶等方面,简单阐述植物对干旱胁迫响应机制的研究进展.     

EGFR信号转导机制及靶向治疗

综述了EGFR基本结构特征及其介导细胞信号转导的机制,论述了基于EGFR靶向治疗的机理及研究现状。指出,EGFR是最早被发现并研究的RTK家族成员,其蛋白结构分成胞外域、跨膜区与胞内域三部分。EGFR介导细胞信号转导的核心机制是配体EGF与EGFR胞外域结合,通过变构作用与二聚化作用,使胞内域通过反式激活完成对受体末端酪氨酸残基的磷酸化,进而招募下游信号因子完成细胞信号转导过程。质膜结构与组成、EGFR跨膜区的组成及胞外域的有无、EGFR的内吞及泛素依赖性降解过程都调控EGFR细胞信号转导过程。阻断EGFR信号通路可抑制表皮肿瘤细胞成长。EGFR已经成为表皮肿瘤治疗的重要靶点。     

植物耐盐生理及耐盐机理研究进展

综述了盐胁迫下植物的生理、耐盐机理、胁迫信号传导等方面的研究进展.     

植物Ca2+-CaM信号系统及其调控研究进展

Ca2 信号通路是植物中信号转导已确认的主要途径.CaM(钙调蛋白)是目前已知胞内Ca2 信号受体中最重要的一种,它参与了多种生理活动的调节.文章对钙在植物细胞中的存在形式、钙作为植物信号转导中第二信使的作用、植物钙调蛋白的结构和生理功能等问题进行了综述和探讨.     

Mechanism of inhibition of IgE-dependent histamine release from rat mast cells by xestobergsterol A from the Okinawan marine spongeXestospongia bergquistia

Histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells induced by anti-IgE was essentially complete within 4–5 min. Xestobergsterol A and B, which are constituents of the Okinawan marine spongeXestospongia bergquistia Fromont, dose-dependently inhibited anti-IgE-induced histamine release from rat mast cells. The IC₅₀ values of xestobergsterol A and B for histamine release in mast cells activated by anti-IgE were 0.07 and 0.11 M, respectively. Anti-IgE stimulated PI-PLC activity in a mast cell membrane preparation. Xestobergsterol A dose-dependently inhibited the generation of IP3 and membrane-bound PI-PLC activity. Moreover, xestobergsterol A inhibited Ca²⁺-mobilization from intracellular Ca²⁺-stores as well as histamine release in mast cells activated by anti-IgE. On the other hand, xestobergsterol B did not inhibit the membrane-bound and cytosolic PI-PLC activity, IP3 generation or the initial rise in [Ca²⁺]_i in mast cells activated by anti-IgE. These results suggest that the mechanism of inhibition by xestobergsterol A of the initial rise in [Ca²⁺]_i, of the generation of IP3, and of histamine release induced by anti-IgE, was through the inhibition of PI-PLC activity.     

Role of Sam68 as an adaptor protein in signal transduction

Sam68, the substrate of Src in mitosis, belongs to the family of RNA binding proteins. Sam68 contains consensus sequences to interact with other proteins via specific domains. Thus, Sam68 has various proline-rich sequences to interact with SH3 domain-containing proteins. Moreover, Sam68 also has a C-terminal domain rich in tyrosine residues that is a substrate for tyrosine kinases. Tyrosine phosphorylation of Sam68 promotes its interaction with SH2 containing proteins. The association of Sam68 with SH3 domain-containing proteins, and its tyrosine phosphorylation may negatively regulate its RNA binding activity. The presence of these consensus sequences to interact with different domains allows this protein to participate in signal transduction pathways triggered by tyrosine kinases. Thus, Sam68 participates in the signaling of T cell receptors, leptin and insulin receptors. In these systems Sam68 is tyrosine phosphorylated and recruited to specific signaling complexes. The participation of Sam68 in signaling suggests that it may function as an adaptor molecule, working as a dock to recruit other signaling molecules. Finally, the connection between this role of Sam68 in protein-protein interaction with RNA binding activity may connect signal transduction of tyrosine kinases with the regulation of RNA metabolism.Received 16 July 2004; received after revision 12 August 2004; accepted 18 August 2004     

酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)Sch9蛋白激酶PDK1位点体内磷酸化的研究

根据Sch9氨基酸序列中激活区570位苏氨酸（T570）位点，也被称为PDK1位点附近的氨基酸序列设计了一段磷酸化多肽，并获得了570位磷酸化苏氨酸特异性抗体. 实验表明该抗体可有效区别Sch9 PDK1位点的磷酸化和非磷酸化. 使用该抗体检测生理条件下表达的Sch9蛋白，发现Sch9的PDK1位点在生理条件下发生了明显的磷酸化.