低热值燃料稳定燃烧的研究现状与进展

随着经济的持续发展,我国的能源需求不断增加.即便煤炭产量以及石油进口量都在不断刷新也难以保障能源的安全供给.因此,节约能源,扩大可利用的能源资源范围,对我国的经济建设极为重要.低热值燃料的应用能提高能源利用效率,但其热值低,稳定燃烧难以控制,需要在组织燃烧场、拓展可燃极限、稳定燃烧方面争取技术突破.本文将低热值燃烧技术分成两类进行了综述,一类是优化着火条件,一类是优化燃烧场结构,并介绍了国内外的一些低热值燃料燃烧实例,探讨了这方面的应用基础研究和技术开发现状.     

Cellular responses to mild heat stress

Since its discovery in 1962 by Ritossa, the heat shock response has been extensively studied by a number of investigators to understand the molecular mechanism underlying the cellular response to heat stress. The most well characterized heat shock response is induction of the heat shock proteins that function as molecular chaperones and exert cell cycle regulatory and anti-apoptotic activities. While most investigators have focused their studies on the toxic effects of heat stress in organisms such as severe heat stress-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, the cellular response to fever-ranged mild heat stress has been rather underestimated. However, the cellular response to mild heat stress is likely to be more important in a physiological sense than that to severe heat stress because the body temperature of homeothermic animals increases by only 1–2°C during febrile diseases. Here we provide information that mild heat stress does have some beneficial role in organisms via positively regulating cell proliferation and differentiation, and immune response in mammalian cells.Received 14 May 2004; received after revision 2 August 2004; accepted 16 August 2004     

Effects of Si and Ce on the microstructure and hydrogen storage property of Ti_(26.5)Cr_(20)V_(45)Fe_(8.5)Ce_(0.5) alloy

In this paper,the effects of Si and Ce on the microstructure and hydrogen storage property of Ti26.5 Cr20V45Fe8.5Ce0.5 alloy were studied,respectively.First of all,effects of Si on the microstructure and hydrogen storage properties of Ti26.5Cr20(V45Fe8.5)1-xSixCe0.5(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5 and 2.0 at%)alloys were studied by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and P-C isotherm measurements.As the Si addition increases,the hydrogen absorption capacities of alloys decrease but the equilibrium pressure incre...     

废内燃机油的预处理过程及其产物性质分析

对废内燃机油进行了热处理-蒸馏深拔的预处理研究,结果表明:经过热处理后两种废油40℃的黏度分别降低36.20%和48.79%,杂原子总含量分别降低56.11%和50.25%,杂元素总含量分别降低86.81%和87.12%,基本达到降黏除杂的目的;热处理后的废油经蒸馏深拔后回收利用率达到了89.72%,同时实现了黏度的进一步降低,杂原子和杂元素的进一步脱除,获得了适合加氢改质的原料油。     

铸造速度和混合稀土对Al-23%Si合金组织和性能的影响

研究了半连续铸造过程中不同铸造速度及铈镧混合稀土对Al-23%Si合金微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:当铸造速度从100 mm/min提高到250 mm/min时,Al-23%Si合金初晶硅的偏析现象得到有效改善,铸锭从内部到外部初晶硅的分布都较为均匀,初晶硅的平均尺寸从71.4μm下降到40.9μm,同时减轻了共晶硅的偏析.加入0.5%的铈镧混合稀土后,Al-23%Si合金的共晶组织产生了明显变化,稀土元素细化了合金的共晶组织,并使共晶硅相由层片状转变为短杆状.提高铸造速度和添加混合稀土可提高合金硬度和抗拉强度.     

一致渐近在特征值问题中的应用

利用由Bassom等提出的一致渐近方法研究了具有简单转折点的大特征值问题,得到了大特征值问题的严格的Airy渐近解,它在Stokes线上一致成立;并得到了大特征值的近似表达式.     

循环热处理及形变对TC17钛合金片层组织球化和取向的影响

将循环热处理与形变相结合,利用电子背散射衍射等手段探究该工艺对TC17钛合金片层组织球化和取向的影响.结果表明:TC17钛合金在两相区进行单纯的循环热处理其片层组织球化程度有限,而经过循环热处理+压缩变形后,其魏氏组织消失,片层α相得到明显球化,但是其取向均匀性仍没发生较大变化.此外,变形中两相的再结晶速度及其强韧性导致了两相取向的差异性.α相的再结晶速度快于β相,在变形过程中,α相的各向异性首先降低;另一方面,由于α相比β相硬度高,热变形过程中,α相的变形程度小于β相,应变主要集中在与α相邻近的较软的β相,从而导致α相的取向均匀性高于β相.     

Development of liquid-nitrogen-cooling friction stir spot welding for AZ31 magnesium alloy joints

A liquid-nitrogen-cooling friction stir spot welding (C-FSSW) technology was developed for welding AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets. The liquid-nitrogen cooling degraded the deformability of the welded materials such that the width of interfacial cracks increased with increasing cooling time. The grain size of the stirred zone (SZ) and the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the C-FSSW-welded joints decreased, whereas that of the thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ) increased with increasing cooling time. The maximum tensile shear load of the C-FSSW-welded joints welded with a cooling time of 5 or 7 s was larger than that of the friction stir spot welding (FSSW)-welded joint, and the tensile shear load decreased with increasing cooling time. The microhardness of the C-FSSW-welded joints was greater than that of the FSSW-welded joint. Moreover, the microhardness of the SZ and the HAZ of the C-FSSW-welded joints increased, whereas that of the TMAZ decreased, with increasing cooling time.     

严寒地区某示范工程土壤源热泵系统综合评估

通过实时监测严寒地区某教学楼示范工程土壤源热泵系统运行的各项参数,从技术性、节能性、环保性及经济性各自不同的角度全面进行综合评估。为严寒地区土壤源热泵系统的高效运行提供参考。     

U型或浮头式换热器管板中的热应力及其主要影响因素研究

采用有限元法研究了U型或浮头式换热器管板中的热应力,并考察了管板厚度及管壳程对流换热系数的影响。研究结果表明,对于U型或浮头式换热器,管板内仍存在较大的热应力,这是由于管板上换热管中热量传递造成的,并且当管板较厚时这种应力更为突出;在管程走热流体时,管板两侧表面存在拉伸热应力,降低管板厚度可以有效地降低由热载荷引起的管板壳程侧表面热应力,壳程侧表面热应力可由40 MPa降至-13 MPa;壳程传热系数对管板温度场的影响明显,在换热器设计中使对流换热系数较低的介质走壳程有利于降低管板的热应力。