Constructal entransy optimizations for insulation layer of steel rolling reheating furnace wall with convective and radiative boundary conditions

Based on the entransy dissipation extremum principle for thermal insulation process, the constructal optimizations for a plane insulation layer of the steel rolling reheating furnace wall with convective and radiative boundary conditions are carried out by taking the minimization of entransy dissipation rate as optimization objective. The optimal construct of the plane insulation layer is obtained. The results show that for the convective heat transfer boundary condition, the optimal constructs of the insulation layer obtained based on the minimizations of the entransy dissipation rate and heat loss rate are obvi- ously different. Comparing the optimal construct obtained based on the minimization of the entransy dissipation rate with that based on the minimization of the heat loss rate, the entransy dissipation rate is reduced by 5.98 %, which makes the global thermal insulation performance of the insulation layer improve. For the combined convective and radiative heat transfer boundary condition, compared the insulation layer having an increasing thickness with that having constant thickness and a decreasing thickness, the entransy dissipation rates are reduced by 16.59 % and 39.72 %, respectively, and the global thermal insulation performance of the insulation layer is greatly improved.There exits an optimal constant coefficient α2,opt which leads to the minimum dimensionless entransy dissipation rate of the insulation layer. The difference between the optimal constant coefficients α2,opt obtained based on the minimizations of the entransy dissipation rate and the maximum temperature gradient of the insulation layer is small. This makes the corresponding thermal stress obtained based on the minimum dimensionless entransy dissipation rate also be small, and the global thermal insulation performance and thermal safety of the insulation layer are improved simultaneously. The results obtained can provide some guidelines for the optimal designs of the insulation layers.     

地源热泵在育种/育苗温室中的应用实验研究

介绍了利用地源热泵技术为育种／育苗温室供暖,对温室进行温度调节.采用地源热泵技术利用浅层地能作为温室采暖热源.利用地源热泵技术,充分发挥浅层地能的效能,从地下土壤中获取能量作为温室采暖系统的基本负荷,满足温室加温时的供热需求,热泵机组采用中温热泵,末端采用地下盘管供热或风机盘管供暖风,可以快捷、方便的调节育种/育苗温室内的温度、湿度.取消原来的燃煤锅炉,降低燃煤能耗、较少污染物的排放.     

金属铝高压下热力学性质的第一原理研究

采用第一原理框架下的赝势平面波方法,计算研究了立方Al晶体的点阵常数、体积和能带.计算结果与实验值及前人的理论结果一致.采用准谐波近似模型研究了Al的热容、热膨胀系数和德拜特征温度等热力学性质.结果表明:Al的价带以孤立带和近自由电子带两种形式存在,表现出典型的金属特征.热容随着温度的升高快速增大,逐渐达到最大值24.68 J·mol-1·K-1.     

一种带中间换热器的双热源高温热泵系统

为了提高工业高温热泵系统的热力性能,实现对工业低温余热的高效综合回收,提出了一种带中间换热器的双热源高温热泵系统。第一级热泵以CO2为工质、以空气为热源,在超临界状态下将冷水加热到中间温度。第二级热泵以R152a(二氟乙烷)作为工质,从工业余热源吸收热量,将用水加热到所需的高温,并且在中间换热器中将CO2加热到过热状态。对该双热源热泵系统进行热力学分析,发现给定R152a在中间换热器温降的情况下,CO2存在最大的过热度,使得整个系统达到最佳运行工况。以回收50℃废水余热为例与单热源热泵进行比较,平均供水量是后者的两倍多,单位质量热水的耗功量减少43.2%,性能系数和火用效率分别平均提高41.9%和23.96%。     

#br# 利用蒸汽换热实现内燃机车预热技术的研究

设计了内燃机车冬季静态打温设备,利用高炉蒸汽余热对机车用软水进行加热,使用加热后的高温软水对机车加水或隔离换热,实现机车的升温保温。该设备的应用使内燃机车柴油机冬季启动时其润滑油、燃油及冷却水的温度均满足规定要求。实现了预备机车打温全天候即时起用,临修、平轮修、大中修机车交车快速打温起机以及运用机车高温补水要求。该设计无噪音、无污染且低能耗,满足了节能环保工作要求,为铁路运输作业提供高效率的运用机车奠定了技术基础。     

A simulation study on the thermal and wetting behavior of alkane thiol SAM on gold (111) surface

Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to investigate the structural,thermal and wetting properties of self-assembled monolayer(SAM) of alkane thiol on gold surface.The specific heat capacity of the gold SAM surface was found to linearly increase with the temperature in the range 100–300 K.It was found to drop down at 400 K and this decrease might be attributed to the disorder of the SAM chains.Hydration of gold SAM surface for two different terminal groups,namely methyl(hydrophobic),and hydroxy(hydrophilic) was studied at room temperature.The difference in their wetting behavior and the structure of their interfacial water were examined from the estimation of the z density profile,radial distribution function,hydrogen bonds and orientation of water dipoles in the interfacial region.The present simulation results suggest that the wetting behavior of the gold SAM surface can be modified by altering the terminal functional group of the SAM chains.     

Cloning,sequencing of the HSC70 gene in Ctenopharyngodon idella

A cDNA encoding heat shock cognate protein 70(HSC70)was cloned from liver of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)(GenBank JF436930).This cDNA was found out to contain2 346 bp in length,including 1 950 bp of complete coding sequence encoding 649 amino acids(aa),plus 89 bp of 5′-UTR and 307 bp of3′-UTR.Analysis of its genomic structure revealed that its corresponding gene contained seven exons and six introns.Homology analysis indicated that it shared 99%of identity with HSC70 of breams and 86%of identity with HSP70 of Drosophila.Fluorescent RT-PCR analysis revealed that at 28℃,this gene was expressed in abdominal fat,muscle,intestines,brain,middle kidney,head kidney,gonads,swim bladder,liver,heart,spleen,gills,and fins with expression level in liver being the highest(p0.05),followed by that in the gonads;at 36℃,its mRNA expression level was increased at first but then decreased thereafter under heat shock stress,indicating that its expression can be regulated by heat shock.In conclusion,cloning and expression analysis identified a cDNA encoding a constitutive HSP70 gene that is expressed in many tissues of Ctenopharyngodon idella and its expression was down-regulated by heat shock.     

离子膜蒸发工序蒸汽冷凝水回收再利用

烧碱浓缩的过程中会产生大量的冷凝水,主要作为凉水塔的补充水和机泵冷却水。由于冷凝水温度较高,其回收再利用前需要进行冷却,造成热量的浪费。介绍了离子膜蒸发系统含碱冷凝水循环再利用的改造措施,提出将不同温度的冷凝水分开,将温度高的部分送至化盐工序,不仅能将热量充分利用起来,还可以节约大量生产用水。     

竖直U型地埋管传热性能数值模拟

对土壤源热泵系统在制冷季中垂直U型地埋管的传热性能进行数值模拟,揭示U型管入口水温、入口流速和回填材料导热系数对地埋管传热性能的影响规律.计算结果表明:在30~60°C的入口温度范围内,当雷诺数从3 000提高到11 000时,会使地埋管热流量增大10~23W,但会导致流体进出口温差降低0.2~1.34°C,在工程应用中流体进口流速要控制在一定范围内.水的入口温度和雷诺数分别为45°C和7 000时,回填材料导热系数从0.5 W/m·K增大至2.5 W/m·K,U型地埋管的热流量增大了将近2倍,也就是说在工程应用中,如果在回填土中掺混一定比例的保水材料将会增强埋管换热,并防止埋管长期运行时由于土壤本身保水性差使得土壤板结从而导致埋管失效.模拟结果与实验数据进行对比吻合较好.     

注超临界CO_2开采高温废弃气藏地热机制与采热能力分析

高温废弃气藏具有巨大的地热开采潜力。在对比分析超临界CO2和常规携热介质水的热物性基础上,提出注超临界CO2开采高温废弃气藏地热的方法。利用数值模拟方法对CO2在高温废弃气藏中的采热能力及影响因素进行评估。结果表明,由于CO2具有很高的可注性和流动性,超临界CO2的采热速率可达到水的1.5倍;利用CO2循环开采高温气藏地热,不仅可以实现高效地热开发,还可以实现CO2地质埋存;对废弃气藏而言,可以充分利用现有井网和地面设施,减少初期资本投入,实现高温废弃气藏地热的有效和经济开发,进一步提高气藏的利用价值,延长其经济寿命。