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771.
对低熔点石蜡(十六烷、十八烷)与高熔点石蜡(54#石蜡、62#石蜡)混合物的传热性能进行了实验研究,用以替代价格较高的十八烷,用于立式集热板太阳能热气流电站的蓄热系统中.采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对不同质量分数的混合石蜡的相变潜热及相变温度进行了测量,结果表明:随着低熔点石蜡的加入,混合石蜡的相变温度在不断减小,相变潜热介于低熔点石蜡与高熔点石蜡之间;且混合后的石蜡具有良好的循环稳定性.采用热针法对不同质量分数的混合石蜡固态体系、液态体系的导热系数进行了测量,结果表明:混合之后石蜡的导热系数与低熔点石蜡相差不大,石蜡在固态时的导热系数要大于在液态时的导热系数.综合比较可知,混合石蜡可以满足储能需求,并能降低成本. 相似文献
772.
Based on the entransy dissipation extremum principle for thermal insulation process, the constructal optimizations for a plane insulation layer of the steel rolling reheating furnace wall with convective and radiative boundary conditions are carried out by taking the minimization of entransy dissipation rate as optimization objective. The optimal construct of the plane insulation layer is obtained. The results show that for the convective heat transfer boundary condition, the optimal constructs of the insulation layer obtained based on the minimizations of the entransy dissipation rate and heat loss rate are obvi- ously different. Comparing the optimal construct obtained based on the minimization of the entransy dissipation rate with that based on the minimization of the heat loss rate, the entransy dissipation rate is reduced by 5.98 %, which makes the global thermal insulation performance of the insulation layer improve. For the combined convective and radiative heat transfer boundary condition, compared the insulation layer having an increasing thickness with that having constant thickness and a decreasing thickness, the entransy dissipation rates are reduced by 16.59 % and 39.72 %, respectively, and the global thermal insulation performance of the insulation layer is greatly improved.There exits an optimal constant coefficient α2,opt which leads to the minimum dimensionless entransy dissipation rate of the insulation layer. The difference between the optimal constant coefficients α2,opt obtained based on the minimizations of the entransy dissipation rate and the maximum temperature gradient of the insulation layer is small. This makes the corresponding thermal stress obtained based on the minimum dimensionless entransy dissipation rate also be small, and the global thermal insulation performance and thermal safety of the insulation layer are improved simultaneously. The results obtained can provide some guidelines for the optimal designs of the insulation layers. 相似文献
773.
刘鹏 《郑州大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,(1):121-124
从组织理论的视角对预算松弛进行探讨,认为组织的非理性为预算松弛提供了生存的土壤,预算松弛的本质是预算执行者主观意识外化的体现.通过对预算目标形成过程的动态博弈分析,发现预算松弛是由于信息不对称,预算执行者在目标强调、环境不确定性、棘轮效应等因素的刺激下,为追求额外收益隐藏私有信息而造成的,进而提出了治理预算松弛的4种措施. 相似文献
774.
地源热泵在育种/育苗温室中的应用实验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了利用地源热泵技术为育种/育苗温室供暖,对温室进行温度调节.采用地源热泵技术利用浅层地能作为温室采暖热源.利用地源热泵技术,充分发挥浅层地能的效能,从地下土壤中获取能量作为温室采暖系统的基本负荷,满足温室加温时的供热需求,热泵机组采用中温热泵,末端采用地下盘管供热或风机盘管供暖风,可以快捷、方便的调节育种/育苗温室内的温度、湿度.取消原来的燃煤锅炉,降低燃煤能耗、较少污染物的排放. 相似文献
775.
采用第一原理框架下的赝势平面波方法,计算研究了立方Al晶体的点阵常数、体积和能带.计算结果与实验值及前人的理论结果一致.采用准谐波近似模型研究了Al的热容、热膨胀系数和德拜特征温度等热力学性质.结果表明:Al的价带以孤立带和近自由电子带两种形式存在,表现出典型的金属特征.热容随着温度的升高快速增大,逐渐达到最大值24.68 J·mol-1·K-1. 相似文献
776.
为了提高工业高温热泵系统的热力性能,实现对工业低温余热的高效综合回收,提出了一种带中间换热器的双热源高温热泵系统。第一级热泵以CO2为工质、以空气为热源,在超临界状态下将冷水加热到中间温度。第二级热泵以R152a(二氟乙烷)作为工质,从工业余热源吸收热量,将用水加热到所需的高温,并且在中间换热器中将CO2加热到过热状态。对该双热源热泵系统进行热力学分析,发现给定R152a在中间换热器温降的情况下,CO2存在最大的过热度,使得整个系统达到最佳运行工况。以回收50℃废水余热为例与单热源热泵进行比较,平均供水量是后者的两倍多,单位质量热水的耗功量减少43.2%,性能系数和火用效率分别平均提高41.9%和23.96%。 相似文献
777.
778.
J. Meena Devi 《自然科学进展(英文版)》2014,24(4):405-411
Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to investigate the structural,thermal and wetting properties of self-assembled monolayer(SAM) of alkane thiol on gold surface.The specific heat capacity of the gold SAM surface was found to linearly increase with the temperature in the range 100–300 K.It was found to drop down at 400 K and this decrease might be attributed to the disorder of the SAM chains.Hydration of gold SAM surface for two different terminal groups,namely methyl(hydrophobic),and hydroxy(hydrophilic) was studied at room temperature.The difference in their wetting behavior and the structure of their interfacial water were examined from the estimation of the z density profile,radial distribution function,hydrogen bonds and orientation of water dipoles in the interfacial region.The present simulation results suggest that the wetting behavior of the gold SAM surface can be modified by altering the terminal functional group of the SAM chains. 相似文献
779.
Yong Fu Chunge Li Feng Liu Zhongdian Dong Xiangshan Ji Hongju Chen 《武汉大学学报:自然科学英文版》2014,19(3):235-244
A cDNA encoding heat shock cognate protein 70(HSC70)was cloned from liver of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)(GenBank JF436930).This cDNA was found out to contain2 346 bp in length,including 1 950 bp of complete coding sequence encoding 649 amino acids(aa),plus 89 bp of 5′-UTR and 307 bp of3′-UTR.Analysis of its genomic structure revealed that its corresponding gene contained seven exons and six introns.Homology analysis indicated that it shared 99%of identity with HSC70 of breams and 86%of identity with HSP70 of Drosophila.Fluorescent RT-PCR analysis revealed that at 28℃,this gene was expressed in abdominal fat,muscle,intestines,brain,middle kidney,head kidney,gonads,swim bladder,liver,heart,spleen,gills,and fins with expression level in liver being the highest(p0.05),followed by that in the gonads;at 36℃,its mRNA expression level was increased at first but then decreased thereafter under heat shock stress,indicating that its expression can be regulated by heat shock.In conclusion,cloning and expression analysis identified a cDNA encoding a constitutive HSP70 gene that is expressed in many tissues of Ctenopharyngodon idella and its expression was down-regulated by heat shock. 相似文献
780.