Ultrasound effects on zinc recovery from EAF dust by sulfuric acid leaching

In this work, an ultrasound-assisted leaching process was studied for the recovery of zinc from electric arc furnace (EAF) dust, in which zinc was mainly present in the form of franklinite (60%). Hydrometallurgy is emerging as a preferred process for the recovery of a variety of metals, and the use of ultrasound could offer advantages over the conventional leaching process, especially for the dissolution of franklinite. Franklinite is a refractory phase that is difficult to leach and represents the main obstacle in conventional hydrometallurgy processing. Atmospheric leaching with different sulfuric acid concentrations (0.2-2.0 M) at two temperatures (323 and 353 K) was performed. The tests were conducted using both conventional and ultrasound-assisted leaching. After the leaching tests, the solid residues were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, whereas the leach liquor was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP). The use of ultrasound facilitated the dissolution of franklinite at low acid concentrations and resulted in a greater zinc recovery under all of the investigated operating conditions.     

Extraction of vanadium from vanadium slag by high pressure oxidative acid leaching

To extract vanadium in an environment friendly manner, this study focuses on the process of leaching vanadium from vanadium slag by high pressure oxidative acid leaching. Characterizations of the raw slag, mineralogy transformation, and the form of leach residues were made by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The result shows that the vanadium slag is composed of major phases of fayalite, titanomagnetite, and spinel. During the high pressure oxidative acid leaching process, the fayalite and spinel phases are gradually decomposed by sulfuric acid, causing the release of vanadium and iron in the solution. Meanwhile, unreacted silicon and titanium are enriched in the leach residues. With the initial concentration of sulfuric acid at 250 g·L-1, a leaching temperature of 140℃, a leaching time of 50 min, a liquid-solid ratio of 10:1 mL·g-1, and oxygen pressure at 0.2 MPa, the leaching rate of vanadium reaches 97.69%.     

Ultra fast microwave-assisted leaching for the recovery of copper and tellurium from copper anode slime

The decomposition of copper anode slime heated by microwave energy in a sulfuric acid medium was investigated. Leaching experiments were carried out in a multi-mode cavity with microwave assistance. The leaching process parameters were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). Under the optimized conditions, the leaching efficiencies of copper and tellurium were 99.56% ±0.16% and 98.68% ±0.12%, respectively. Meanwhile, a conventional leaching experiment was performed in order to evaluate the influence of microwave radiation. The mechanism of microwave-assisted leaching of copper anode slime was also investigated. In the results, the microwave technology is demonstrated to have a great potential to improve the leaching efficiency and reduce the leaching time. The enhanced recoveries of copper and tellurium are believed to result from the presence of a temperature gradient due to the shallow microwave penetration depth and the superheating at the solid-liquid interface.     

Influence of acid leaching and calcination on iron removal of coal kaolin

Calcination and acid leaching of coal kaolin were studied to determine an effective and economical preparation method of calcined kaolin. Thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) demonstrated that 900℃ was the suitable temperature for the calcination. Leaching tests showed that hydrochloric acid was more effective for iron dissolution from raw coal kaolin (RCK), whereas oxalic acid was more effective on iron dissolution from calcined coal kaolin (CCK). The iron dissolution from CCK was 28.78wt%, which is far less effective than the 54.86wt% of RCK under their respective optimal conditions. Through analysis by using M?ssbauer spectroscopy, it is detected that nearly all of the structural ferrous ions in RCK were removed by hydrochloric acid. However, iron sites in CCK changed slightly by oxalic acid leaching because nearly all ferrous ions were transformed into ferric species after firing at 900℃. It can be concluded that it is difficult to remove the structural ferric ions and ferric oxides evolved from the structural ferrous ions. Thus, iron removal by acids should be conducted prior to calcination.     

柴达木盆地西部尕斯库勒盐湖周缘岩系和湖内沉积物含铀性模拟

 以柴达木盆地西部尕斯库勒盐湖周缘岩系和湖内沉积物为研究对象,通过淋滤实验和悬浮平衡模拟实验,探讨该盐湖不同物源的含铀性.分析表明,尕斯库勒盐湖周缘3 种岩系(老地层、上新世含盐岩系、第四纪沉积物)淋滤液水化学特征类似,且从淋滤液水化学特征可知该盐湖水化学具有明显的再溶盐特征;3 种岩系淋滤作用强烈,盐湖第四纪沉积物中的铀最容易被淋出,上新世含盐岩系中的铀次之,蚀源区岩石中的铀难淋出;悬浮平衡实验表明,悬浮液中铀含量随平衡时间增长呈现先迅速降低而后缓慢升高的变化趋势,而沉积颗粒物中铀含量变化趋势与悬浮液中铀含量刚好相反,说明铀在悬浮液和沉积颗粒物之间确实发生了交换,且交换速率较快;在平衡实验初期,悬浮液中铀含量快速降低的现象可能是悬浮液中的铀被固相吸附所致;不同时期铀的来源分析表明,在新近纪和第四纪早期,尕斯库勒盐湖内卤水和沉积物中的铀主要来自周边岩石的风化淋滤作用,铀补给量相对较少,而到了第四纪中、晚期,铀主要来自上新世含盐岩系风化淋滤和深部水补给,再加上沉积物和周边岩石化学风化,铀补给量相对前一时期大得多.     

模拟酸雨对林地黄壤汞溶出的影响

以缙云山上的3种森林林被黄壤为供试土壤,通过模拟pH 2.0、pH 3.0、pH 4.0、pH 5.0的酸雨对上述土壤的动态淋溶试验,研究酸雨对林地土壤汞溶出的影响.结果表明:阔叶林地汞的溶出总量在酸雨pH 3.0、4.0时最低,但各pH的酸雨对阔叶林地汞的溶出量之间的差异不显著.针叶林地和竹林地汞的溶出总量随pH降低而升高,在pH 2.0的酸雨作用下,与pH 3.0、4.0、5.0的酸雨间的差异达极显著水平.在强酸雨的作用下,针叶林和竹林土壤的汞更易迁出土壤而污染水体.因此应加强森林土壤的管理,禁止取材,以提高土壤有机质,抑制汞的水迁移.     

南方某铀矿提铀工艺发展

介绍南方某高含泥铀矿提U工艺发展过程.初期矿石经简单破碎后采用粗放型堆浸,效果不理想;经研究采用破碎分级粉矿酸性造粒堆浸,从根本上解决了该矿石渗透性差,不能直接堆浸的难题,酸性造粒有独到之处,铀浸出效果好;由于该工艺复杂、作业劳动强度大、卫生条件差,也受天气影响生产等问题,因而又研究出了粉矿和精矿搅拌浸出、粗粒堆浸的组合工艺,提高了提铀的工艺水平和效益.     

硫化锑精矿湿法清洁冶金新工艺

研究硫化锑精矿的浸出—净化—电积的闭路循环实验。考察温度、添加剂种类及浓度、Sb3+浓度和电流密度对沉积锑的形貌和质量的影响,得到避免爆锑形成的优化条件:阴极电流效率高达99%,每吨锑电耗约为1 200 kW.h。利用隔膜电积阳极室生成的SbCl5为浸出剂,得到SbCl5浸取硫化锑矿的最佳条件:温度为85℃,H+浓度为3.5 mol/L,液固比为8:1,SbCl5过量系数为理论量的1.1倍,浸出时间为1.5 h,在此条件下,硫化锑矿的浸出率达到99.5%。浸出液经过锑粉还原、硫化除重金属及Na3PO2除砷,得到的净化液用于电沉积能够得到质量良好的沉积物。     

高碱氧化铜矿堆浸过程中的化学沉淀与调控

以高碱氧化铜矿为研究对象,运用电镜扫描技术、X线衍射技术研究堆浸过程中化学沉淀的成分及沉淀物的表面形貌,并通过添加不同的防垢剂对化学沉淀进行调控.研究结果表明:CaSO4.2H2O沉淀是堆浸过程中化学沉淀的主要成分,属于一类沉淀物,不受pH控制.CaSO4·2H2O沉淀结晶受饱和度影响,扩散机制是晶核生长的主导机制.防垢剂对CaSO4·2H2O沉淀具有明显的溶蚀作用,其中以水解聚马来酸酐HPMA对CaSO4.2H2O的溶解效果最好,其添加量与对CaSO4·2H2O沉淀溶蚀能力呈指数函数关系,Ca2+的浓缩倍数最高可达到1078.54％.     

高铝硅氰化渣中铁回收工艺

研究一种处理磁选前高铝硅氰化渣的新工艺。采用复合添加剂焙烧-水浸-磁选工艺对一种铁品位为27.69%(质量分数),SiO2含量为23.9%,Al2O3含量为6.35%的高铝硅氰化渣进行杂质与铁分离的研究。研究结果表明:在最佳焙烧条件下,当水浸温度为60℃,液固比为15:1,水浸时间为5 min,转速为20 r/min,在激磁电流为2 A时,可获得铁品位57.11%,铁的回收率为72.58%的铁精矿。铁的品位和回收率都比单纯的复合添加剂还原焙烧-磁选法所获得的铁精矿的指标高,铁的品位提高了10%左右,回收率提高了30%左右。X线荧光(XRF),X线衍射(XRD)及能谱(EDS)分析研究结果表明:经水浸后,复合添加剂焙烧过程中所产生的可溶性复杂杂质化合物被洗除,不溶性物质经磁选后随之进入非磁性物,实现铁与杂质矿物之间的有效分离。