南方丘陵地区农田氮素渗漏特征研究

农田氮肥的淋失是氮素损失的重要途径之一.在南方丘陵地区选择4种土地利用类型中6个农田地块进行为期1年的氮素渗漏试验,结果表明:(1)不同的土地利用类型的硝氮浓度变化趋势为春季种植季节后逐渐升高,在7-8月份达到最高,然后呈逐渐下降的趋势,呈低-高-低的变化趋势.氨氮浓度与硝氮浓度的消长规律相似,但变化规律不如硝氮浓度明显,时有起伏.(2)土壤中氮素渗漏的基本形态是硝氮,农田氮素的渗漏主要发生在4-8月份.(3)施肥对氮素渗漏量的影响非常显著.施肥量和施肥种类的不同,导致不同土地利用类型浅层地下水的硝氮和氨氮浓度差异较大.施肥量越大,其渗漏量也越大.主要施用碳氨品种化肥的土地利用,其渗漏水中硝氮浓度相对较高,氨氮浓度比较低,而施粗制有机肥的土地利用氨氮浓度表现较高.(4)对地下水位较高的土地利用农田渗漏水中氨氮浓度相对较高.适当的化肥施用量可以减少氮素淋失.     

常见的堆性能问题及相应的调整措施

介绍了堆分本程序的工作实质，分析了堆操作延缓程序运行的原因，并提出了相应的调整措施，特别介绍了如何通过对堆函数的设置，提高多线程VC＋＋程序在多处理器电脑上的性能。     

微生物催化还原浸出深海锰结核中有价金属

在常温、酸性、厌氧环境下,按一定的比例添加微生物培养基和供电子体,采用J13菌连续高密度培养、矿浆预浸、微生物固定和强化传质的手段,提高微生物浸出结核中有价金属的速率,浸出时间为3 d,可直接浸出结核中的铜、钴、镍和锰.浸出率:钴95.2%,镍97.5%,锰95.8%,铜81.2%;按此方法进行了陆地软锰矿和硬锰矿的浸出试验,浸出时间9 d,锰矿中的锰浸出率较高.根据以上试验结果提出了微生物催化两矿偶合还原浸出氧化锰矿中有价金属的方法,并初步探索了浸出机理.     

机械活化及其在湿法炼锌中的应用

本文首先概述矿物机械活化的基本原理及其对矿物强化作用。然后对其在湿法炼锌中的硫化锌精矿焙烧、锌焙砂浸出、硫化锌精矿直接浸出等方面应用取得进展进行综述。     

Nanometer properties of oceanic polymetallic nodules and cobalt-rich crusts

An ammonia leaching process was utilized to extract Co, Ni and Cu from oceanic polymetallic nodules, whereas an acid leaching process was utilized to extract Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Mn from cobalt-rich crusts. Both processes produced nanometer materials—ammonia leaching residue and acid leaching residue. A systematic study was conducted on the phase, composition and physicochemistry properties of these residues. The result shows that both residues contain a large amount of nanometer minerals. Ammonia l eaching residue mainly consists of rhodochrosite, with the average grain diameter of 17.9 nm; whereas the acid leaching residue mainly consists of well-developed bassanite, with the average grain deameter of 9.5 nm. The bassanite also has a microporous structure, the volume of the pore space is 1.23 × 10⁻² mL/g. Both the ammonia and acid leaching residues have a large specific surface area, and they display a strong adsorption capacity to saturate sodium chloride vapour, N₂ and SO₂. Both residues have high contents of rare earth elements, and most of these elements exist in the state of ionic adsorption. The content of σ FeO is high. The P₂O₅ enrichment is observable in acid leaching residues. The unique composition and nanometer solid properties of the leaching residues displayed their potential value and promised a bright future for their application in the field of environmental protection and materials.     

污灌系统氮素在土壤中的转化与渗漏污染

通过原状土体模拟试验，以多次污灌废水浓度的Ｃ＋２Ｓ为进水浓度，揭示了污灌废水中氨氮在土壤中的转化规律以及引起地下水污染的原因，提出了污灌的农用与防止地下水污染的具体措施。     

Supergene mobility of noble metal elements in black rock series

In order to discuss the supergene mobility of noble metal elements in black rock series, measurements have been conducted with ICP-MS method for the contents of Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt, Au and Ag in the primary jordisite-rich black shale ore, in the supergene leached jordisite-rich black shale ore, in the pyrite-rich black shale ore and in the water of pit, well and stream of the mining area near Zhongnan Village, Zunyi District of Guizhou Province. The temperature, pH, electric conductivity, dissolved oxygen of the water were also measured. The pit water is acidic with high electrical conductivity and low dissolved oxygen. The total content of platinum group elements in the primary pyrite-rich black shale ore is only 1/13 of that in the primary jordisite-rich black shale ore. The Ag content in the former is only a half of that in the latter while the Au contents in the two kinds of ores are almost the same. Being leached under supergene condition, the contents of most of the noble metal elements except Au in the jordisite-rich black shale ore greatly decrease; the leaching rates of Rh, Pd, Pt, the total platinum group elements and Ag reach as high as 66.72%～74.79%, revealing that under supergene condition, platinum group elements and Ag can migrate along with water; the ratios of Ag/Au, Pd/Ru, Pt/Ir and(Pt+Pd)/(Ru+Rh+Ir) are remarkably decreased, displaying that Pt and Pd relative to Ru, Rh and Ir, Ag relative to Au bear more active mobility. The noble metal elements in the black rock series near Zhongnan Village might be mobilized and migrate under the procession of "cold water" rich in [SO4]2- with pH value being about 2.4 at a temperature below 50 ℃.     

Zn(Ⅱ)-(NH4)2SO4-H2O体系浸出锌烟尘

提出硫酸铵浸出法处理锌烟尘的新工艺。该工艺利用不同温度下锌在硫酸铵溶液中的溶解度的差别,先在高温下将锌浸入溶液然后降温冷却,使锌呈含F和Cl很低的复盐析出,然后回收。以株冶集团锌烟尘为试料,对浸出过程进行研究。研究结果表明:浸出温度和硫酸铵浓度显著影响锌的浸出率;最佳浸出条件是:液固比为16?1,硫酸铵浓度为4.0 mol/L,pH值为5.5,浸出温度为90℃,浸出时间为4 h,在该条件下,按渣含锌计算的浸出率达到85.16%。     

潘二矿煤系高岭岩脱除Fe_2O_3工艺的研究

本文通过对潘二矿煤系高岭岩脱杂工艺实验，认为较佳脱杂效果的工艺条件为焙烧温度430℃，浸出温度120℃，盐酸浓度20％，浸出时间120min。