中国雨蛙的染色体多样性研究

本文研究了云南大理产的中国雨蛙的核型，并分析了4个地理居群中国雨蛙的核型，结果表明，不同地理居群具有相同的染色体数目和核型模式，即为2n=24，NF＝48，核模式6＋6，但中国雨蛙不同居群之间在SM数目和顺，次缢痕或随体的位置等都有所不同，说明不同地理居群的中国雨蛙的染色体具有丰富的多样性。     

一类时滞偏生态模型的振动性

研究一类时滞偏生态模型解的振动性 ,利用平均法 ,通过使用偏泛函微分方程上下解思想和泛函微分方程振动性理论 ,获得了其解的非负性和关于正平衡态振动的充分条件 .     

浙江西天目山天然林及银杏种群考察报告

在完成国内多处同类型研究的基础上 ,笔者对西天目山双清溪沟谷天然林及其银杏进行了专题考察 ,所获第一手资料包括 :双清溪森林古道样带式路线考察立木分布平面图 ;天目山双清溪天然林中银杏及伴生树种调查总表 ;双清溪天然林中银杏种群调查明细表 ;“5代同堂银杏”的树木形态学调查研究 ;禅源寺古森林群落的成分、结构及性质考察等。在充分分析的基础上作者认为 ,双清溪天然林原应属於典型“落叶与常绿阔叶混交林”群落 ,现已进入“针阔叶、落叶与常绿阔叶混交林”演替阶段。该演替系人为干扰下的一种“偏途演替”。银杏种群参与了演替和历史发展的全过程 ,因此 ,它们应该是野生的。“5代同堂银杏”建议正名为“无性系多代同株银杏”比较恰当。禅源寺古森林群落是双清溪沟谷天然林的延伸和残余部分 ,可简称为“禅源寺古森林残存群落”。     

Differential basal synthesis of Hsp70/Hsc70 contributes to interindividual variation in Hsp70/Hsc70 inducibility

The source of intraspecies variation in the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) remains unresolved but could shed light on differential stress tolerance and disease susceptibility. This study investigated the influence of variable basal HSP synthesis on differential inducibility of HSP synthesis. Basal and heat-induced synthesis of the major HSP families in peripheral blood monocytes from healthy donors (n=42) were analysed using biometabolic labelling and densitometry. Basal Hsp70/Hsc70 synthesis and percentage induction of Hsp70/Hsc70 synthesis were significantly correlated (r=−0.57, p<0.0001), and described most accurately by an exponential decay equation (R=0.68, R²=0.46). This regression equation suggests that increasing levels of basal Hsp70/Hsc70 synthesis are accompanied byan exponential decrease in the percentage induction of Hsp70/Hsc70 synthesis. The model fits data from European and non-European population groups independently, although both coefficients in the regression equation were larger for non-Europeans. This implies population group as an additional factor influencing differential HSP expression. The differential inducibility of Hsp70/Hsc70 due to variable basal synthesis of Hsp70/Hsc70 and based upon population group may contribute to differential stress tolerance or disease susceptibility. Received 27 March 2000; received after revision 19 June 2000; accepted 20 June 2000     

名义尺度总体的共轭先验分布中参数的确定

本文主要就几种情况讨论了名义尺度总体的共轭先验分布中参数的确定问题．     

一种随机微粒群混合算法求解约束优化问题

将微粒群算法（Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO）与随机优化方法-Alopex算法相结合,提出一种随机微粒群混合算法（APSO）求解约束优化问题。该算法使PSO算法中微粒的飞行速度无记忆性,结合Alopex算法重新生成停止进化微粒的位置;采用双群体搜索机制,一个群体保存具有可行解的微粒,用APSO算法使微粒逐步搜索到最优解,另一个群体保存具有不可行解的微粒,并且可行解群体以一定的概率接受性能较优的不可行解微粒,这种简单的群体多样性机制使微粒能够快速、准确地找到位于约束边界上或附近的最优解。结果表明该算法寻优性能优良且具有较好的稳定性。     

一种基于混合差分策略的改进差分进化算法

对启发式优化算法中的差分进化算法进行改进,在进化过程中并行交叉采用DE/rand/1/exp和DE/best/1/exp差分策略,应用聚集度因子进行种群重构,缩小了种群重构后的搜索范围,有效避免了种群重构的随机性.仿真结果表明,改进算法与使用单一差分策略的差分进化算法及PSO算法相比,寻优能力得到了显著提高.     

求解背包问题的并行混合遗传算法

针对基本遗传算法在求解大规模问题时，收敛速度缓慢、容易早熟的现象，借鉴生物区域性进化的原理，设计了一种基于星型迁移策略的并行混合遗传算法（Parallel Hybrid Genetic Algorithm，简称PHGA）．该算法采用高效的超贪心算子进行解码，使遗传进化过程从多个平均适应度较高的文明群体开始进化，并采用定期将各群体的最优个体输出给其他群体，使得最优个体共享，促进所有群体共同进化的共产主义迁移策略．在PVM环境下，对背包问题进行求解的实验，已取得超线性的加速比，并改进了解质量．     

山西的人口问题及其可持续发展

人口的发展受社会、政治、经济的制约,同时它又对社会发展起促进或延缓的作用。目前我省人口的持续增长与人口老化,给我省经济和社会的发展带来了负面影响,出现了一系列的人口问题。解决人口问题的关键是实施人口的可持续发展,即人口的发展不仅要同社会经济的发展相适应,而且要同资源利用和环境保护相协调。     

Scanning for sisnatures of geosraphically restricted selection based on population genomics analysis

Natural selection, as the driving force of human evolution, has direct impact on population differentiation. However, it is still unclear to what extent the genetic differentiation has been caused by natural selection. To explore this question, we performed a genome-wide scan with single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） data from the International HapMap Project. Single locus FsTanalysis was applied to assess the frequency difference among populations in autosomes. Based on the empirical distribution of FsT, we identified 12669 SNPs correlating to population differentiation and 1853 candidate genes subjected to geographic restricted natural selection. Further interpretation of gene ontogeny revealed 121 categories of biological process with the enrichments of candidate genes. Our results suggest that natural selection may play an important role in human population differentiation. In addition, our analysis provides new clues as well as research methods for our understanding of population differentiation and natural selection.