摩托车发动机可控进气室的研究

为了研究汽油机的功率、扭矩和燃油消耗率三大性能指标随进气状况的变化规律,开发了小型化、低成本的摩托车发动机可控进气室.可控进气室由空气处理设备、被调空气室、循环风道及控制台组成.控制系统根据温度、相对湿度和压力传感器的信号,利用一个温湿度控制器对制冷系统、加湿器和加热器进行双位控制;利用一个压力控制器,采用PID控制方法对调压风机进行变频控制.通过试验,证明了开发的摩托车发动机可控进气室可以把供给摩托车发动机的气体状态控制在温度5℃～45℃、相对湿度20%～90%及环境压力±15kPa范围内所需要参数的任意组合,并且精度满足台架性能试验的国家标准.     

四川片口自然保护区中华竹鼠对生境选择的初步研究

作者通过随机设置112个20m×20m的样方,采用Vanderloeg和Scaiva选择指数对四川片口自然保护区中华竹鼠生境选择进行了研究.结果表明,中华竹鼠喜欢选择东南坡、中坡位、坡度适中(25-45°)、上层乔木郁闭度大于50%的常绿落阔混交林或落叶阔叶林采食青川箭竹,对于基径较粗(大于10mm)、密度适中(20-40株/m2)、距水源较近且远离人为活动干扰的青川箭竹林更加青睐.     

保持中度生长势成为建筑外表面绿化的选择策略

针对建筑外表面绿化的特殊性提出了中度生长势概念,分析了生长势和绿化寿命的影响因素并提出了概念模型,进一步结合实验探讨了中度生长势的判定.研究结果将补充和丰富城市特殊生境绿化条件下的植物栽培养护理念,为实现节约、可持续的栽培养护模式,延长绿化生命周期提供指导.     

探讨在低碳经济下如何节约降低空调加湿的能耗

在生态危机及环境恶化的压力下,发展低碳经济既是国际大背景,更是我国自身经济发展的必由之路。具体到暖通行业,从空调系统的设计运行中通过改进设计理念,采用新产品,运行维护中实现多方面可调节以及能源的回收以及再利用等五种手段可以做到切实减少能源的浪费。     

Specialist and generalist species in habitat use: implications for conservation assessment in snakes

Habitat specialization is recorded as one of the central factors that make species vulnerable to extinction. Among snakes, there is considerable variation in this trait, as some species are specialists and others are generalists in habitat use. We have quantified habitat specialization in the snakes of the southern Iberian Peninsula, and compared it with their abundance and IUCN categories. All data were combined for a principal components analysis that discriminated two main groups: three generalist species that live in all types of habitat, and five specialist species that ranged from rather scarce to extremely rare and are found only in unaltered habitats. The three generalist snakes are not threatened and their IUCN category is Least Concern. Three out of the five specialist species are categorized as Near Threatened, Vulnerable, and Endangered at regional or national levels. The other two species are currently considered Not Threatened and we discuss whether they are incorrectly classified. The conservation status of snakes is difficult to evaluate because of their secretive habits and low population densities. We suggest that quantifying habitat specialization may be a useful tool for assessing the conservation status of secretive organisms such as snakes.     

基于GIS图谱法的中药资源生境恢复研究——以云南楚雄州彝药资源研究为例

为了对我国中药资源数字化的深入研究提供基础,提出利用现代GIS技术与地学图谱叠加相结合的方法进行生境恢复研究,建立了生境恢复的评价指标体系,并以云南楚雄州为研究区域,进行了彝药资源的生境恢复研究案例.结果表明: 1)生境恢复研究是实现我国中药资源可持续发展和利用的重要途径;2)GIS图谱法是进行生境恢复研究的科学有效技术方法.     

白腹锦鸡雌鸟繁殖期的活动区和栖息地选择

2006年3-9月,利用无线电遥测技术和系统搜索法对四川省石棉县栗子坪自然保护区白腹锦鸡雌鸟的繁殖期活动区和栖息地选择进行了研究.对遥测时间超过4个月的3只雌性个体的研究表明:白腹锦鸡雌鸟的繁殖期活动区面积为(31.16±26.02) hm2,核心区面积为(10.06±8.47) hm2;繁殖鸟的活动区在产卵前后有明显变化,算术中心距离超过300 m,未繁殖鸟不明显.白腹锦鸡雌鸟主要选择较稀疏、稍矮、盖度较大、倒木数少的乔木环境和较密而盖度较大的灌木、草本植物的环境.     

水泥基复合材料湿度扩散特性细观数值模拟研究

运用Weibull统计分布方法描述材料的非均匀性,并结合质量扩散与统计分布理论建立了水泥基复合材料湿度扩散的细观数值模型.对水泥基复合材料内湿度变化规律的数值模拟研究表明：砂浆的湿度场不仅受温度的影响,还受到湿度本身的影响,湿度和温度的升高对湿度的扩散具有加速作用.砂浆的细观非均匀性对湿度扩散影响显著.试样的均匀程度越低,其内包含的孔隙就越多,这有利于湿度的扩散;反之,如果试样的均匀程度越高,则越不利于湿度的扩散.砂浆试样的宏观有效湿度扩散系数随Weibull分布函数中均质度系数的增加呈负指数衰减趋势.在混凝土中,骨料颗粒占有较高的体积分数,而其湿度扩散性能却较低,这在一定程度上降低了混凝土的宏观湿度扩散性能.研究结果表明,混凝土的湿度扩散系数随其骨料含量增加基本呈线性递减变化关系.     

Habitat-induced reciprocal transformation in the root phenotype of Oriental ginseng is associated with alteration in DNA methylation

Oriental ginseng is an important medicinal plant that grows in 2 major forms or ecotypes, wild and domesticated. Each form differs conspicuously in root phenotype, but can be converted from one type to another by habitat. Here we show that the habitat-induced transformation of ginseng root phenotype was accompanied by alteration in cytosine methylation at a large number of 5′-CCGG-3′ sites detected by the methylation-sensitive polymorphism (MSAP) marker. The collective CG and CHG methylation levels of all 4 landraces of the domesticated form were significantly lower than those of the wild form. Interestingly, artificially transplanted ginseng plants recreated in both directions the methylation levels (at least in CHG) of their natural counterparts. The methylation differences between the 2 ginseng ecotypes were validated at 2 isolated MSAP loci bearing homology to a 5S rRNA gene or a copia retrotransposon. Our results implicate a link between epigenetic variation and habitat-induced phenotypic flexibility in Oriental ginseng.