关中盆地地下水氚年龄的计算

环境同位素氚是研究现代渗入起源地下水的理想示踪剂。通过在关中盆地典型地貌的系统取样,利用插值法对关中盆地1953年以来的大气降水氚浓度进行了恢复,并根据恢复结果选用3种模型对不同地貌单元地下水氚年龄进行了计算,得出地下水的平均滞留时间。计算结果表明渭河以北潜水从山前冲洪积扇→黄土台塬→冲积平原呈现出新→老→新的特征,其中山前冲洪积扇潜水氚年龄最小,地下水滞留时间最短。所得结果符合实际水文地质条件。     

地下水非达西渗流的数值模拟研究

为了更好地研究地下水渗流规律,在分析了地下水的径向渗流的理论与实验规律基础上,根据临界雷诺数,建立了地下水的非达西渗流模型,该模型中将单井控制面积内部视为非达西流,外部为达西流,并应用该模型分析了临界半径对压力分布的影响.研究结果表明:临界半径越大,漏斗面积越大,地面沉降面积越大.     

含水层参数对同井回灌地下水源热泵的影响

模拟分析了含水层厚度、渗透系数比和不同含水层对同井回灌地下水源热泵地下水渗流和换热的影响．对于合理的水井设计，含水层厚度增大可以减小抽水、回灌压力，显著地提高抽水平均温度．抽、回水口的平均降深与渗透系数比的对数基本成线性关系．从热贯通的角度来说，渗透系数比是同井回灌地下水源热泵系统工程成败的关键．过小的渗透系数比显著加快系统的热贯通．渗透系数大小是抽水和回灌难易程度的决定因素．对于渗透性能不好的含水层，更应该关注抽水和回灌不能时含水层渗透系数产生影响。     

黄河三角洲浅层地下水中氢氧同位素的特征

结合前人的研究成果和施工的钻孔资料，基本查明了黄河三角洲浅层地下水的分布和埋藏条件，分析了该区地下水和黄河水的氢氧同位素组分（18O、D和T）. 研究结果表明：(1）黄河三角洲地下浅层有潜水和承压水两个含水层，两者来自完全不同的水源； (2）潜水起源于黄河水和大气降水的入渗补给，与黄河的水力联系强，属于大气成因溶滤水；潜水水交替条件较好，平均停留时间约为5.30年； (3）承压水是海侵时侵入的海水和古大陆水混合后沉积下来的水，与黄河水的水力联系弱，属于沉积水.     

基于地下水埋深效应的地温突变判据

超采地下水将引起近地表地温的变化，因此需确定地下水的合理开采深度，首先基于华北某典型地区的水文实测资料，建立了考虑地下水埋深效应、外界气温影响、前期降雨影响以及时间因素的地面温度时间序列模型．在此基础上，从地下水埋深角度出发，研究了地下水埋深对地面温度的影响．利用突变理论，建立了影响地温的地下水开采深度的突变模型，并研究了地下水开采深度的转异判据．文中分别对华北两典型地区运用该判据研究了地下水开采深度的合理性，结果表明该判据的建立能决策地下水的开采深度。     

国有资本完全退出竞争性领域刍议

在理论界,许多人认为国企应该完全退出竞争性领域;在实践中,许多地方也是以国企如何能够快速、大规模地退出为目标。笔者认为,依目前的国情以及国内外的经验看,这种方式并不适宜。国企依然有其存在的价值,仍须在竞争性领域站稳脚跟,继续承担促进中国产业发展的责任。     

Progress in study on irrigation practice with saline groundwater on sandlands of Taklimakan Desert Hinterland

The study on the distribution and dynamic changes of soil moistures and salts under different irrigating methods and managements of using saline groundwater on the sand lands of the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert, started in 1997. The results show that drip irrigation can be applied to seedlings （furrow irrigation can be applied to level lands） using saline groundwater in the process of constructing the biological shifting sand control system along the desert highway in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert; an irrigation frequency of 20 clays and an irrigation amount of 30 kg/m^2.time are suitable to the shifting sand control forest belts at the same year as they were afforested. Along with the increase of forest age, the irrigation norm can be properly increased, the irrigation interval can be prolonged.     

Analysis on water potential of Populus euphratica oliv and its meaning in the lower reaches of Tarim River,Xinjiang

Combined with materials measured on leaves water potential of Populus euphratica oliv in the process of ecological water delivery in the lower reaches of Tarim River, the influence of ground-water depths and soil salinity on leaves water potential of P. euphratica was analyzed. We found that there was evident negative correlation between the leaves water potential of P. euphratica and ground-water depths. The deeper the ground-water depths were, the lower the leaves water potential of P. euphratica was, the more serious drought stress P. euphratica suffered from. Besides, there was evident negative correlation between the soil salinity and the leaves water potential of P. euphratica. The bigger the soil salinity was, the lower the leaves water potential of P euphratica was, the more serious drought stress was indicated from which P. euphratica suffered. For sections rather distant for Daxihaizi Reservoir as well as for those places of wells rather distant from the river course, ground-water depths and the soil salinity were high; the leaves water potential of P. euphratica was low. The leaves water potential of P. euphratica can reflect the degree at which P. euphratica suffers from drought and salt stress, and has an important reference meaning in analyzing proper ground-water depths for the survival and growth of P. euphratic in the lower reaches of Tarim River.     

断流河道间断输水两岸地下水的运动模型及其解法--以塔里木河下游断流河段生态输水为例

以塔里木河下游断流河段生态输水为背景,根据间断性输水河道充水和停水2个阶段周期性交替重复出现的特征,建立了断流河道间断输水两岸地下水运动的一维非稳定流模型,并通过水位与流量边界条件相互转换的一种方法实现模型的求解,最后应用该模型分析了塔里木河下游断流河段生态输水两岸地下水位恢复状况,其结果比较满意,表明了模型的实用性。     

江河水位升降对堤岸边坡稳定性的影响

针对洪水期江河堤岸溃堤,溃坝问题、研究了水位变化对堤岸边坡稳定性的影响,考虑堤岸体的透水性和地下水浸润造成堤岸体软等因素的影响,通过数值计算,初步论证了因堤岸体中潜水位变化的滞后引起的快速退水的危害性质,同时发现了不管是退水还是涨水,都存在一个使堤岸边坡的稳定系数最小的水位值。这一结论对堤岸边坡的设计和防护具有指导意义。