黄河三角洲浅层地下水中氢氧同位素的特征

结合前人的研究成果和施工的钻孔资料，基本查明了黄河三角洲浅层地下水的分布和埋藏条件，分析了该区地下水和黄河水的氢氧同位素组分（18O、D和T）. 研究结果表明：(1）黄河三角洲地下浅层有潜水和承压水两个含水层，两者来自完全不同的水源； (2）潜水起源于黄河水和大气降水的入渗补给，与黄河的水力联系强，属于大气成因溶滤水；潜水水交替条件较好，平均停留时间约为5.30年； (3）承压水是海侵时侵入的海水和古大陆水混合后沉积下来的水，与黄河水的水力联系弱，属于沉积水.     

基于地下水埋深效应的地温突变判据

超采地下水将引起近地表地温的变化，因此需确定地下水的合理开采深度，首先基于华北某典型地区的水文实测资料，建立了考虑地下水埋深效应、外界气温影响、前期降雨影响以及时间因素的地面温度时间序列模型．在此基础上，从地下水埋深角度出发，研究了地下水埋深对地面温度的影响．利用突变理论，建立了影响地温的地下水开采深度的突变模型，并研究了地下水开采深度的转异判据．文中分别对华北两典型地区运用该判据研究了地下水开采深度的合理性，结果表明该判据的建立能决策地下水的开采深度。     

国有资本完全退出竞争性领域刍议

在理论界,许多人认为国企应该完全退出竞争性领域;在实践中,许多地方也是以国企如何能够快速、大规模地退出为目标。笔者认为,依目前的国情以及国内外的经验看,这种方式并不适宜。国企依然有其存在的价值,仍须在竞争性领域站稳脚跟,继续承担促进中国产业发展的责任。     

Progress in study on irrigation practice with saline groundwater on sandlands of Taklimakan Desert Hinterland

The study on the distribution and dynamic changes of soil moistures and salts under different irrigating methods and managements of using saline groundwater on the sand lands of the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert, started in 1997. The results show that drip irrigation can be applied to seedlings （furrow irrigation can be applied to level lands） using saline groundwater in the process of constructing the biological shifting sand control system along the desert highway in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert; an irrigation frequency of 20 clays and an irrigation amount of 30 kg/m^2.time are suitable to the shifting sand control forest belts at the same year as they were afforested. Along with the increase of forest age, the irrigation norm can be properly increased, the irrigation interval can be prolonged.     

Analysis on water potential of Populus euphratica oliv and its meaning in the lower reaches of Tarim River,Xinjiang

Combined with materials measured on leaves water potential of Populus euphratica oliv in the process of ecological water delivery in the lower reaches of Tarim River, the influence of ground-water depths and soil salinity on leaves water potential of P. euphratica was analyzed. We found that there was evident negative correlation between the leaves water potential of P. euphratica and ground-water depths. The deeper the ground-water depths were, the lower the leaves water potential of P. euphratica was, the more serious drought stress P. euphratica suffered from. Besides, there was evident negative correlation between the soil salinity and the leaves water potential of P. euphratica. The bigger the soil salinity was, the lower the leaves water potential of P euphratica was, the more serious drought stress was indicated from which P. euphratica suffered. For sections rather distant for Daxihaizi Reservoir as well as for those places of wells rather distant from the river course, ground-water depths and the soil salinity were high; the leaves water potential of P. euphratica was low. The leaves water potential of P. euphratica can reflect the degree at which P. euphratica suffers from drought and salt stress, and has an important reference meaning in analyzing proper ground-water depths for the survival and growth of P. euphratic in the lower reaches of Tarim River.     

断流河道间断输水两岸地下水的运动模型及其解法--以塔里木河下游断流河段生态输水为例

以塔里木河下游断流河段生态输水为背景,根据间断性输水河道充水和停水2个阶段周期性交替重复出现的特征,建立了断流河道间断输水两岸地下水运动的一维非稳定流模型,并通过水位与流量边界条件相互转换的一种方法实现模型的求解,最后应用该模型分析了塔里木河下游断流河段生态输水两岸地下水位恢复状况,其结果比较满意,表明了模型的实用性。     

江河水位升降对堤岸边坡稳定性的影响

针对洪水期江河堤岸溃堤,溃坝问题、研究了水位变化对堤岸边坡稳定性的影响,考虑堤岸体的透水性和地下水浸润造成堤岸体软等因素的影响,通过数值计算,初步论证了因堤岸体中潜水位变化的滞后引起的快速退水的危害性质,同时发现了不管是退水还是涨水,都存在一个使堤岸边坡的稳定系数最小的水位值。这一结论对堤岸边坡的设计和防护具有指导意义。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘地下水在脆弱生态环境中的作用

塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘属典型的干旱区内陆盆地生态环境弱带,在绿洲与沙漠相交错分布的干旱生态系统中,地下水显示出重要的生态调控作用。土壤环境（水分、土壤含盐量）受地下水环境状况（地下水位、水质）的制约,从而决定了植被生长情况,地下水埋深地４ｍ时,土壤含水量一般在１１．７％～３３．９％之间变化,茺膜河岸林,柽柳灌丛和多数草木植物均能正常生长,当地下水位埋深大于４ｍ时,天然植物生长明显受到制约,土壤含盐量与     

西安市渭滨傍河水源地地下水质变化预测

西安市渭滨水源地位于渭河南岸,属于傍河集中地下水源地,开采量约为９８１００ｍ＾３／ｄ。目前,渭河水已受污染,但渭滨水源地地下水潜水未受污染,承压水质良好。运用地下水污染物数值模型对未来地下水质进行了预测,结果表明,当可水为三类水时,到２０１０年渭滨水源地地下水质仍符合饮用水质标准。但从长远来看,保护该水源地的关键是治理渭河水污染。     

地下水水质的物元评价方法及应用

运用可拓学理论,论述了物元分析识别评判模型,建立了地下水水质评判的关联函数,为定量评价地下水水质提供了科学依据。给出了评价实例。并与地下水水质质量评价的灰色聚类方法、模糊数学方法进行了比较。