萃取界面乳液的固体微粒稳定机理

对铜溶剂萃取时萃原液中固体微粒稳定界面乳化液的机理进行了研究.研究结果表明:固体微粒是促进界面乳液形成和稳定的关键因素,它通过3种机制稳定界面乳化液:一是减小乳化液滴粒度和粒度分布区间,当萃原液中固体微粒的质量浓度由0.138 g/L增加到2.918 g/L时,液滴平均粒径由346.7μm减小到25.5 μm,48 h后破乳率由84%降低到27%;二是在液滴界面形成固体复合界面膜对液滴起保护作用;三是以微粒絮团的方式填充于液滴间隙中,阻断液滴接触,防止液滴聚结破乳.     

水玻璃铸造旧砂再生方法及设备研究进展

水玻璃砂在绿色铸造领域有着非常广泛的应用,但旧砂再生难题长期困扰着铸造与环保工作者。针对这一问题,国内外学者先后提出了干法再生、湿法再生、加热干法再生、化学再生、生物再生等水玻璃再生方法。对现有的几种典型的水玻璃再生方法的原理及其设备进行了详细的阐述,分析了各类再生方法的优缺点,介绍了课题组开发的一系列水玻璃旧砂再生设备,认为未来水玻璃旧砂生物再生将重点研究绿色高效的水玻璃旧砂促溶剂以及再生设备的开发。     

溶剂控制的对甲苯磺酰肼选择性偶联反应

通过对反应条件的优化,发现对甲苯磺酰肼涉及的偶联反应具有明显的溶剂效应.当对甲苯磺酰肼在溶剂N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中加热时,可以通过自身还原偶联得到对甲苯二硫醚;当溶剂为乙酸乙酯时,可以通过自身偶联得到S-对甲苯基硫代对甲苯基砜.当用环己烷作溶剂时,通过加入催化剂醋酸铜以及氧化剂二叔丁基过氧化物可以有效地减少自身偶联的产物,从而选择性地得到对甲苯磺酰肼与环己烷自由基偶联产物对甲苯环己基砜.该反应提供了一种高效而绿色的含硫化合物的合成新方法.     

南宁市4种绿化树种的滞尘效益评估

【目的】研究常见道路绿化植物的滞尘能力和对粉尘污染的抗性能力,并对植物滞尘效益进行评价。【方法】选取南宁市4种常见行道绿化树种:扁桃(Mangifera persiciformis)、鱼尾葵(Caryota ochlandra),朱槿(Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)、黄金榕(Ficus microcarpa),在南宁市交通繁忙区、建筑工地、工业密集区和相对清洁的对照区对树种叶片的滞尘能力进行测定,选择植物的叶绿素含量变化、净光合速率、蒸腾速率3个光合生理指标分析其抗性。【结果】鱼尾葵的滞尘能力在交通繁忙区和建筑污染区中最强,黄金榕在各污染区中受到的影响相对较小。工业污染区中黄金榕的滞尘能力最高;交通繁忙区中,鱼尾葵的净光合速率和蒸腾速率受影响较大,朱槿的叶绿素含量下降率最高;在建筑污染区和工业污染区,扁桃受到滞尘的影响较大。综合评价4种绿化树种的滞尘效益,交通繁忙区和建筑污染区最高为黄金榕,工业污染区最高为朱槿。【结论】同种植物对不同污染源的抗逆性不同,其滞尘能力也不同。通过综合评价,能较为客观地为南宁绿化树种选择和配制提供参考依据。     

LC3真核表达载体构建及其在293T细胞中自噬诱导研究

【目的】构建pEGFP-N1-LC3真核表达载体,并将其转染进人胚肾细胞293T,通过Earle's盐平衡液(Balanced salt solution,EBSS)饥饿诱导观察细胞自噬现象。【方法】RT-PCR扩增LC3基因,并将其插入pEGFP-N1真核表达载体构建重组质粒。将重组质粒转染至人胚肾细胞293T,显微镜观察、Western blot检测GFP-LC3融合蛋白表达情况。对转染细胞进行Earle's盐平衡液饥饿诱导,通过Western blot验证自噬指标,激光共聚焦显微镜观察自噬泡形成。【结果】成功构建pEGFP-N1-LC3真核表达载体,并在293T细胞中成功表达目的蛋白,在进行Earle's盐平衡液饥饿诱导后观察到自噬泡的形成,Western blot检测到LC3-Ⅰ向LC3-Ⅱ的转化。【结论】本实验为研究自噬在癌细胞病理进程中的机制提供了实验素材。     

二元溶剂[Bmim]Cl+NMP对褐煤的溶胀及电解液化的影响

本文在课题组已有的离子液体对煤进行溶胀预处理的研究基础上,进一步研究了多种含离子液体的二元混合溶剂.结果表明,[Bmim]Cl+NMP对神华褐煤的溶胀效果最佳.通过研究二元溶剂中[Bmim]Cl的体积分数、溶胀温度及时间对煤的溶胀度及其电化学还原反应的影响,发现[Bmim]Cl的体积分数为0.5时,煤的溶胀度较高.神华煤在[Bmim]Cl+NMP中溶胀12h即可达到平衡.提高温度不仅可以缩短达到溶胀平衡所需的时间,还可以进一步破坏煤的结构,提高溶胀度.神华褐煤在150℃下溶胀12h,溶胀度可达到3.93.通过二元溶剂[Bmim]Cl+NMP对煤的溶胀处理能提高煤电解加氢还原的反应活性,有利于提高煤的液化率,使电解液化率从31.66%提高到62.27%.     

无机化学实验教学中的“绿色化”探索

针对无机化学授课对象多而广，所需试剂种类及用量庞大，产生的废气、废液、废渣等对环境具有危害的特点，通过整合优化实验内容，规范实验操作，采用微型实验、多媒体及网上虚拟实验室，合理收集及处理三废等方面的改革创新．将绿色化学的理念深入到无机化学实验的各个环节中，以初步实现无机化学实验教学的“绿色化”，培养学生的绿色意识．     

Template/surfactant free and UV light irradiation assisted fabrication of Mn-Co oxides composite nanorings: Structure and synthesis mechanism

A facile, green, cost effective, and template or surfactant free strategy via a two-step route i.e. UV irradiation followed by dissolution-growth for the controlled synthesis of Mn-Co composite nanorings at room temperature was proposed. The nanorings structures and the process were systematically studied via TEM, HRTEM, EDX and XRD. Bir-MnO_2 nanosheets first formed through the direct photolysis of KMnO_4 under UV light irradiation. This was followed by a dissolution-growth process via the dissolution of Bir-MnO_2 nanosheets by the generated H~+ from the redox reaction between the added Co(NO_3)_2 and residual KMnO_4, as well as the accompanied formation of CoOOH, and Mn-Co composite nanorings. It was found that a balance between the dissolution and growth rate was needed. Suitable pH, KMnO_4 presence and the starting nanosheets like Bir-MnO_2 were the key factors for the formation of nanorings. The obtained Mn-Co nanorings/TiO_2 showed enhanced efficiency for the catalytic oxidation of HCHO. Based on the above understandings, it is believed that the developed dissolution-growth method can be adopted for the designing and preparation of other Mn-Co composite nanostructures which can be further applied for environmental pollution remediation.     

“纳米材料绿色印刷制版技术”及其发展历程

纳米材料绿色印刷制版技术(下称“纳米绿色制版技术”)是近年来新兴的绿色环保印刷技术，纳米材料绿色制版技术具有非感光、无污染、低成本、工艺简捷的特点，堪称“印刷业的革新”。文章介绍了纳米材料绿色制版技术的概念特点、发展现状及其应用前景。     

The green June beetle (Cotinis nitida) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): local variation in the beetle’s major avian predators and in the competition for mates

The green June beetle (Cotinis nitida) was observed in northern Virginia for a second and third flight season. The study yielded some results that were consistent with earlier findings, namely that mate-locating beetles were vulnerable to attack by avian predators and matings occurred primarily early in the flight season. Novel findings included the following: (1) blue jays (Cyanocitta cristata) were the major predators, not common grackles (Quiscalus quiscala), (2) some jays appeared to selectively prey on female beetles, (3) competition for mates among male beetles could be so intense that some males attempted to copulate with already mated (unreceptive) females, and (4) the sex ratio of the beetle population feeding on wild blackberries remained near equality late in the flight season despite the fact that the sex ratio of the population of beetles at the emergence site became highly female-biased over time.