无机化学实验教学中的“绿色化”探索

针对无机化学授课对象多而广，所需试剂种类及用量庞大，产生的废气、废液、废渣等对环境具有危害的特点，通过整合优化实验内容，规范实验操作，采用微型实验、多媒体及网上虚拟实验室，合理收集及处理三废等方面的改革创新．将绿色化学的理念深入到无机化学实验的各个环节中，以初步实现无机化学实验教学的“绿色化”，培养学生的绿色意识．     

Template/surfactant free and UV light irradiation assisted fabrication of Mn-Co oxides composite nanorings: Structure and synthesis mechanism

A facile, green, cost effective, and template or surfactant free strategy via a two-step route i.e. UV irradiation followed by dissolution-growth for the controlled synthesis of Mn-Co composite nanorings at room temperature was proposed. The nanorings structures and the process were systematically studied via TEM, HRTEM, EDX and XRD. Bir-MnO_2 nanosheets first formed through the direct photolysis of KMnO_4 under UV light irradiation. This was followed by a dissolution-growth process via the dissolution of Bir-MnO_2 nanosheets by the generated H~+ from the redox reaction between the added Co(NO_3)_2 and residual KMnO_4, as well as the accompanied formation of CoOOH, and Mn-Co composite nanorings. It was found that a balance between the dissolution and growth rate was needed. Suitable pH, KMnO_4 presence and the starting nanosheets like Bir-MnO_2 were the key factors for the formation of nanorings. The obtained Mn-Co nanorings/TiO_2 showed enhanced efficiency for the catalytic oxidation of HCHO. Based on the above understandings, it is believed that the developed dissolution-growth method can be adopted for the designing and preparation of other Mn-Co composite nanostructures which can be further applied for environmental pollution remediation.     

“纳米材料绿色印刷制版技术”及其发展历程

纳米材料绿色印刷制版技术(下称“纳米绿色制版技术”)是近年来新兴的绿色环保印刷技术，纳米材料绿色制版技术具有非感光、无污染、低成本、工艺简捷的特点，堪称“印刷业的革新”。文章介绍了纳米材料绿色制版技术的概念特点、发展现状及其应用前景。     

The green June beetle (Cotinis nitida) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): local variation in the beetle’s major avian predators and in the competition for mates

The green June beetle (Cotinis nitida) was observed in northern Virginia for a second and third flight season. The study yielded some results that were consistent with earlier findings, namely that mate-locating beetles were vulnerable to attack by avian predators and matings occurred primarily early in the flight season. Novel findings included the following: (1) blue jays (Cyanocitta cristata) were the major predators, not common grackles (Quiscalus quiscala), (2) some jays appeared to selectively prey on female beetles, (3) competition for mates among male beetles could be so intense that some males attempted to copulate with already mated (unreceptive) females, and (4) the sex ratio of the beetle population feeding on wild blackberries remained near equality late in the flight season despite the fact that the sex ratio of the population of beetles at the emergence site became highly female-biased over time.     

基于RFID的航空物流信息平台系统设计

航空物流具有快捷、高效的优势,已经成为支撑中国经济快速、持续增长的重要推动力。目前国内航空物流业的发展落后于经济发展需求,整个航空物流链条分割严重、各自为政,物流信息难以共享。设计了基于RFID技术的航空物流平台管理系统,结合航空物流业务特点,给出了信息平台的软硬件架构设计方案,并探讨和分析了当前需要解决的主要问题。     

通用航空FBO发展的思考

通过阐述FBO的相关概念和运营模式,以及分析全球特别是美国FBO的发展与经验借鉴,对我国FBO的发展提供了理论依据。分析表明,目前我国FBO的发展尚处在起步阶段,运营管理和服务水平与通航发达国家有较大差距。要发展FBO,除了借鉴通航发达国家FBO成功经验外,应充分结合我国实际,创新投资建设模式和经营管理方式。     

绿色建筑发展关键主体动态博弈——基于供给侧结构性改革视角

 中国绿色建筑市场正处于稳步发展阶段，但仍然存在供需结构不合理、各方利益关系协调不均衡等问题。基于供给侧结构性改革视角，分析了绿色建筑发展过程中“供应侧”和“需求侧”两端正外部经济性特征，构建了政府与供、需两端关键主体动态博弈模型，提出了基于政府、房地产开发商和消费者的对策建议。通过研究，表明绿色建筑发展前期阶段存在正外部经济效应和市场失灵共生现象，供、需两端并不能满足帕累托效率的平衡量要求，只通过市场自身资源配置功能调节绿色建筑市场结构和各主体利益关系存在局限性，政府的适度干预有利于实现供、需两端最优利益组合和利益均衡，有助于加快实现传统建筑市场转型升级。     

无溶剂条件下嘧啶-6-酮衍生物的简便合成

以芳醛、氰乙酸乙酯和氰基胍为原料,氢氧化钠为催化剂,在无溶剂条件下加热,方便、高效地合成嘧啶-6-酮衍生物.这种新的合成方法具有反应时间短、条件温和、成本低和环境友好等优点.     

峰值电量约束下的场桥能耗最小化问题研究

随着化石能源的大量使用带来的环境污染问题日益严峻,关注能源使用效率的集装箱港口绿色化运营研究成为近年来的热点之一.本文以集装箱堆场中需要执行预倒箱作业的场桥为研究对象,考虑场桥不同运行状态下的单位时间电量需求不同以及峰值电量实时约束,建立了以总能耗最小化为目标的多场桥调度问题的混合整数规划数学模型.继而,将关键变量利用非连续贝和连续贝两种不同的方式进行编码,将次级变量利用启发式规则进行解码,并设计了相对应的遗传算法交叉与变异方法.数值实验表明,连续贝编码方法表现更为优异;通过与Cplex在小规模算例中的比较,与粒子群算法及人工蜂群算法在大规模算例中的比较,验证了所设计遗传算法的有效性.同时,通过与传统策略的对比,表明本模型可以同时实现能耗总需求与峰值需求两方面的优化,从而可以为港口管理人员在不影响既定日常运营工作的前提下降低能源成本提供科学有效的指导.     

增升装置中的流动控制技术

阐述了襟翼涡流发生器、主翼后缘偏折技术、Zhu’s襟翼、自激励运动襟翼、零质量射流、等离子体技术以及动力增升等各类主动控制技术的工作原理及其增升效果分析和具体应用情况.结果表明,这些流动控制新技术对于进一步提高民用飞机的增升效果具有巨大的潜力.