Stretching and imaging studies of single DNA molecules

DNA molecules were stretched on silanized mica surface with the molecular combing technique, and detected with fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Meantime, DNA molecules were stretched with a modified dynamic molecular combing technique and studied with atomic force microscopy. The results indicate that, compared with the dynamic molecular combing technique, the modified dynamic molecular combing technique has advantages of less-sample demand and less contamination to sample; as compared with the molecular combing technique, it has better aligning effect and reproducibility. Combination of this kind of DNA molecular manipulating technique with the single DNA molecule detecting technique by atomic force microscopy and fluorescence microscopy will play an important role in the basic research of molecular dynamics and the application of gene research.     

Atomic force microscopic observation on substructure of pollen exine inCedrus deodara andMetasequoia glyptostroboides

The substructure of pollen exine inCedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loud. andMetasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng has been examined with an atomic force microscope (AFM). The results indicate that the exine substructure units containing sporopollenin in two species are similar in shape, which are granular, but slightly different in size. InCedrus the substructure unit of pollen exine appears to be 56–99 nm long and 42–74 nm wide, while inMetasequoia it appears to be 81–118 nm long and 43–98 nm wide. It has been observed that the subunits of pollen exine inCedrus arranged tightly to form short-rod-like or spheroidal pollen exine units, several or more than ten of which formed an island-like structure. There are various spaces among these island-like structures which are interconnected to occupy the entire pollen exine. InMetasequoia, the subunits of pollen exine also arranged tightly with a distribution tendency of cluster of 3–10, however, no obvious boundary exists among these clusters. From our results, it is concluded that there is no tendency of helical arrangement for the subunits of pollen exine inCedrus andMetasequoia, and the results support Southworth’ view that subunits of pollen exine are granular shape in lattice structure.     

计算机模拟Al-Cu-(Mg)-(Ag)时效初期原子分布状态

采用MonteCarlo方法模拟了时效初期Al-1．8Cu,Al-1．8Cu-0．2Ag,Al-1．8Cu-0．5Mg和AL1．8Cu-0．5Mg-0．2Ag4种合金的原子分布图．结果表明在无Mg,Ag的Al-Cu合金时效时,Cu原子有强烈丛聚的倾向,而微量Mg,Ag的加入明显抑制了Cu原子的丛聚,其中,尤以Mg的作用最为显著,并且Mg,Ag之间还存在强烈的相互作用．作者认为,微量Mg,Ag对Al-Cu合金时效过程的影响是通过抑制Cu原子丛聚而实现的．     

升华法制备C60的HPLC研究

对升华法所得C60进行了HPLC和UV吸收测定.所得结果与文献工作一致．     

自熔合金炉内重熔结合机理分析

分析了自熔合金炉内重熔工艺的特点 ,在大量实验的基础上提出了炉内重熔结合机制     

改性泥炭对UO_2~(2+)、~(137)Cs等吸附交换性能的影响

泥炭经化学处理可有效吸附交换水中微量放射性元素离子等,用于净化水体．用廉价、易得的改性泥炭作吸附剂,研究改性泥炭中腐植酸对ＵＯ２＋２ 、１３７Ｃｓ、１６９Ｙｂ 和ＨＰＯ２－４ 的吸附交换;由吸附交换规律及测定的吸附交换平衡时间考察了ｐＨ 等因素对吸附率Ｅ、分配系数Ｋｄ 的影响;测定了吸附等温线,发现改性泥炭对ＵＯ２＋２ 和１６９Ｙｂ 的吸附交换服从Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ 等温式,而对１３７Ｃｓ和ＨＰＯ２－４的吸附交换则服从Ｌａｎｇｍ ｉｕｒ等温式,并讨论了吸附交换机理．     

铝交联蒙脱土催化剂的合成与评价

采用直接交换法和预焙烧法合成了交联蒙脱土催化剂 ,并利用偏振塞曼原子吸收分光光度法 (AAS)和X射线粉末衍射 (XRD)研究了金属组分的担载条件对铝交联蒙脱土交联结构的影响。在不破坏交联蒙脱土的交联结构的情况下 ,采用预焙烧法可以使蒙脱土担载较多的活性组分 ,因而这是担载活性组分较为有效的方法。采用交换法和预焙烧法合成的交联蒙脱土催化剂都具有较高的十氢萘转化活性。十氢萘转化率与催化剂的乙醇酸量之间存在一定的线性关系 ,因而 ,催化剂的乙醇酸量可能是影响催化剂十氢萘转化率的主要因素之一。以C110为催化剂时 ,在氢气初压为 5 .0MPa、反应温度为 35 0～ 36 0℃及反应时间 0～ 6 0min的条件下 ,十氢萘在高压釜中的加氢裂化反应为一级反应 ,其表观活化能约为 6 9kJ/mol。     

原子吸收法测定芦荟叶绿素总量的研究

采用原子吸收分光光度法测定芦荟叶片中的镁含量,从而间接计算出花叶中叶绿素的含量。并对测定过程中有机萃取剂,反萃酸度的选择及干扰离子的影响进行了探讨。     

炉膛喉口面积对W型火焰锅炉炉内空气动力场的影响

对珞璜电厂引进法国Ｓｔｅｉｎ公司３６０ＭＷ的Ｗ型火焰锅炉进行了冷态模化研究。采用热线风速仪对炉内流场进行测试,在此基础上研究了炉膛喉口面积对炉内空气动力场的影响规律,得出了在不同相对喉口面积下的炉内气流流场图,并对炉内的气流速度分布,气流充满度和平均有效动量流率等进行了比较与分析。研究表明,适当缩小炉膛喉面积,王方面有利于喷入炉内煤粉的着火和燃尽,另一方面有利于减小高温烟气对喉口和前,后拱及冷灰斗     

8—羟基喹啉铝处于SiO2气凝胶纳米孔中的光谱特性研究

制备了块状的ＳｉＯ２气凝胶,把具有很好电致发光（ＥＬ）和光致发光（ＰＬ）性能的８－羟基喹啉铝渗入到气凝胶的纳米孔洞中,可见－紫外吸收光谱表明８－羟基喹啉铝在ＳｉＯ２气凝胶的纳米孔洞中发生了化学吸附,且吸附作用随着气凝胶密度的减小而增强：ＰＬ谱中８－羟基喹啉铝的光致发射谱峰从４７０ｎｍ移至４５０ｎｍ。