采用金属阳极溶解法合成纳米MgO前驱体

以金属镁作为“牺牲”阳极,在乙酰丙酮醇溶液中,采用电化学溶解金属镁一步制备了纳米MgO前驱体Mg(OEt)2-x(acac)x,Mg(OBu)2-x(acac)x[acac为乙酰丙酮基]．通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、拉曼光谱(Raman spectrum)对其进行了表征．可讨论了影响电合成镁醇盐配合物的关键因素．实验表明,温度控制在40～50℃,导电盐Bu4NBr浓度为0．04～0．05mol／L较为适合,同时防止阳极钝化,有利于提高电合成效率。     

一种多层阳极在电致发光中的应用

报道了一种新型的多层阳极结构在电致发光器件中的应用,其结构为ITO/Ag/ITO,该阳极表面方块电阻为2 Ω/口.制成器件的结构为ITO/Ag/ITO/TPD:PVK/Alq/Al,在同样测试条件下,测得其发光亮度为ITO/TPD:PVK/Alq/Al器件的5倍.另外对器件亮度的衰减作了研究.     

Metal–air batteries: A review on current status and future applications

Metal–air batteries(MABs) have been paid much more attention owing to their greater energy density than the most advanced lithium-ion batteries(LIBs). Rechargeable MABs are considered as promising candidates for the next-generation of energy storage techniques for applications ranging from large-scale energy storage systems to electric vehicles and portable devices. However, there are still numerous scientific problems that must be overcome before their commercial application. With the aim of pr...     

有机电致发光器件的电极研究

介绍了有机电致发光器件的电极研究进展,着重分析了电极性能的改进机制。对于阳极,为了利干空穴的注入和可见光透射,一般应选择功函数较高的透明导电材料。由于铟锡氧化物(ITO)是目前使用最为广泛的阳极材料,所以着重探讨了对ITO膜各种处理方法的改进机理,认为虽然氧空位浓度、C污染、Sn浓度都对ITO的表面功函数有影响,但C污染是主要因素;一种较好的处理方法是既能有效清除C污染,同时又尽可能使ITO膜的电阻率降低,所以中度氧等离子体处理是一种较为理想的途径。对于阴极,为了利于电子的注入,应选择功函数较低且化学性质较为稳定的材料;层状阴极可以较好地实现这一目的,并分别从隧穿效应、界面能带弯曲及减少淬灭中心等方面解释了金属/绝缘层双层阴极的改进机理,认为这三个方面共同起了作用,但主次不一。     

太阳能相变蓄热炕的实验及数值模拟研究

为实现太阳能相变蓄热炕的快速升温,采用毛细管网及配置高导热复合相变材料来提高炕体的热响应时间,通过数值模拟与实验研究相结合的方法对炕体的热工性能进行研究。本文首先对比不同熔点石蜡的差示扫描量热(differential scanning calorimetry,DSC)曲线,选取35#石蜡作为研究对象,采用熔融混合法制备不同配比的石蜡-膨胀石墨复合定形相变材料;并通过渗漏测试确定最佳配比。实验表明:当膨胀石墨质量分数为8%时,复合定形相变材料渗漏率较低,为兼顾储热、导热性能的最佳配比。将石蜡复合相变材料应用于太阳能相变蓄热炕,通过计算流体动力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)建立三维非稳态传热模型,对炕体进行24 h供热模拟设计;模拟表明:太阳能相变蓄热炕在昼间垫面温度达到24.2 ℃,夜间垫面温度达到30.2 ℃。通过Trnsys(transient system simulation program)软件对组合式系统进行运行模拟发现:组合系统均可达到设计的45 ℃及以上;另外,组合式系统全年节电量为2 974.7 kW·h,或节省标准煤469.9 kg,或减少二氧化碳1 240.5 kg、一氧化碳70.9 kg、PM₁₀6.8 kg等,节能减排量显著。     

钛酸铜锂纳米粒子的制备及其电化学性能研究

采用静电纺丝和热处理技术成功制备了新型锂离子电池负极材料钛酸铜锂(Li2CuTi3O8)纳米粒子.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、热分析(TG-DTA)、循环伏安法(CV)、恒流充放电和电化学交流阻抗(EIS)等测试手段对材料的形貌、结构、物相及电化学性能进行了表征和研究.结果表明所制备的Li2CuTi3O8纳米粒子具有良好的立方尖晶石结构,粒度分布均匀,粒径约为100～200nm.充放电测试显示,当电流密度为25mA g-1时,Li2CuTi3O8纳米材料的首次可逆容量为245.3mAh g-1;且该电极在50,100,200,500,1 000mA g-1的电流密度下循环10次后,放电比容量分别为189.2,186.1,176.9,152.2,127.5mAh g-1当电流密度再回到25mA g-1时,比容量仍然可达到228.6mAh g-1,该材料显示出良好的循环稳定性和倍率性能,有望成为锂离子电池新型负极材料.     

约束电爆过程中石墨的纳米化机制

利用自行研制的约束电爆石墨制备低维纳米碳装置,通过改变初始充电电压与约束管管径进行系列性电爆实验,实验中对气溶胶形式的电爆产物进行原位取样,并进行显微分析.结合电爆产物显微分析结果和约束管中能量密度与电爆产物粒径间的关系,对电爆过程中石墨的纳米化机制进行研究.研究结果表明:电爆过程中约束管内产生的机械压缩波能够对石墨施加瞬间高压使石墨碎化,这一压缩波在传播过程中对已碎化的石墨进行反复冲击与剥离,从而导致石墨颗粒从约束管中喷射而出.在喷射过程中,石墨颗粒之间以及石墨颗粒与约束管壁之间不断发生碰撞,致使石墨颗粒进一步碎化,并形成低维纳米碳.     

晶质石墨活化提纯锂离子电池负极材料机理研究

研究了一种新的石墨提纯方法:先焙烧石墨,然后用NaOH,H_2SO_4和HCl处理,并确定了最佳工艺条件.结果表明,这种方法可以使固定碳质量分数为95.12%的晶质石墨提纯到99.76%.     

Modified disordered carbon prepared from 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride as an anode material for Li-ion batteries

To prepare an anode material for Li-ion batteries with high discharge capacity and good cycling stability, disordered carbon (DC) formed by calcinations of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride was modified via an acid treatment using a mixture of HNO₃ and H₂SO₄. The modified disordered carbon (MDC) was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR spectra confirm the successful introduction of carbonyl groups onto the DC surface. Some pores appear in the columnar structure of MDC, as observed in SEM micrographs. Li+ ions intercalation/deintercalation is facilitated by the modified morphology. Electrochemical tests show that the MDC exhibits a significant improvement in discharge capacity and cycling stability. These results indicate that the MDC has strong potential for use as an anode material in Li-ion batteries.     

Ultra fast microwave-assisted leaching for the recovery of copper and tellurium from copper anode slime

The decomposition of copper anode slime heated by microwave energy in a sulfuric acid medium was investigated. Leaching experiments were carried out in a multi-mode cavity with microwave assistance. The leaching process parameters were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). Under the optimized conditions, the leaching efficiencies of copper and tellurium were 99.56% ±0.16% and 98.68% ±0.12%, respectively. Meanwhile, a conventional leaching experiment was performed in order to evaluate the influence of microwave radiation. The mechanism of microwave-assisted leaching of copper anode slime was also investigated. In the results, the microwave technology is demonstrated to have a great potential to improve the leaching efficiency and reduce the leaching time. The enhanced recoveries of copper and tellurium are believed to result from the presence of a temperature gradient due to the shallow microwave penetration depth and the superheating at the solid-liquid interface.