河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)对氧化石墨烯和全氟辛烷磺酸类物质(PFOS)联合胁迫的生理生化响应

为了探索碳纳米材料氧化石墨烯(GO)和全氟辛烷磺酸类物质(PFOS)在淡水底栖贝类体内的联合毒性效应, 以河蚬为研究对象, 考察 1 mg/L GO和500 ng/L PFOS单独及联合暴露28天后对河蚬体长、体重、滤食率、活性氧水平、抗氧化系统酶活性和丙二醛含量的影响, 并采用优化的综合生物标志物响应指数(EIBR)进行整体评估。结果表明, 暴露结束后, 河蚬的体长和体重没有明显的变化。与空白对照组和溶剂对照组相比, GO和PFOS的单独暴露组及联合暴露组的滤食率均显著下降。在河蚬的鳃和内脏团中, GO和PFOS的胁迫都会引起抗氧化系统酶活性响应的显著变化, 且两器官中变化趋势一致。EIBR结果表明, 鳃和内脏团中联合暴露组的毒性比 PFOS或GO单独暴露组的毒性更强。     

Graphene-based hybrid materials and their applications in energy storage and conversion

Graphene attracts more and more scientists and researchers owing to its superior electronic,thermal,and mechanical properties.For material scientists,graphene is a kind of versatile building blocks,and considerable progress has been made in recent years.Graphene-based hybrid materials have been prepared by incorporating inorganic species and/or cross-linking of organic species through covalent and/or noncovalent interactions.The graphene-based hybrid materials show improved or excellent performance in various fields.In this review,we summarize the synthesis of graphene and graphene-based hybrid materials,and their applications in energy storage and conversion.     

超声乳化法制备纳米Fe3O4磁性颗粒及壳聚糖表面改性

采用超声乳化法制备纳米Fe3O4磁性颗粒,以壳聚糖作为表面活性剂,制备具有生物亲和性的水基Fe3O4磁流体.研究了Fe2+/Fe3+摩尔比、超声时间和表面活性剂用量对磁流体性能的影响.结果表明:当Fe2+/Fe3+摩尔比为1:1·5,滴加氨水时反应温度为70℃时,可制备理想纳米Fe3O4磁性颗粒;超声时间为7·5min左右,质量分数1%的壳聚糖溶液体积占FeO溶液总体积的50%时,有利于壳聚糖分子的包覆,使磁流体具有较高的比饱和磁化强度及稳定性.     

Improved acetone sensing properties of flat sensors based on Co-SnO2 composite nanofibers

Co-SnO2 composite nanofibers were synthesized by an electrospinning method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Gas sensors were fabricated by spinning these nanofibers onto flat ceramic substrates, which had signal electrodes and heaters on their top and bottom surfaces, respectively. Compared with sensors loaded with pure SnO2 nanofibers, the Co-SnO2 nanofiber sensors exhibited improved acetone sensing properties with high selectivity and rapid response and recovery times. The response was 33 when the sensors were exposed to 100 μL/L acetone at 330°C, and the corresponding response with 100 μL/L of ethanol was only 6. The response and recovery times to acetone were about 5 and 8 s, respectively. These results indicate Co-SnO2 composite nanofibers are good candidates for fabrication of high performance acetone sensors for practical application.     

聚苯胺修饰石墨烯纳米片的分散行为

针对氧化石墨(GO)用化学方法还原为石墨烯纳米片(GN)后极易再配列为类似石墨结构层状物的问题,本工作在GO还原过程中用聚苯胺(PANI)修饰石墨烯纳米片(P-GN),发现即使干燥后,P-GN仍可在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中呈分散状态稳定存在.     

点杂质对于具有S波配对势的扶手椅型石墨烯纳米带性质的影响

基于BCS理论,在紧束缚近似下,通过求解Bogoliubov-de Gennes(BdG)方程,自洽地计算了扶手型石墨烯纳米带中s波超导配对势随空间变化的分布情况.讨论了单个点杂质分别处于边界点和内部点时对于体系超导性质的影响,还进一步给出了杂质点处的局域态密度( LDOS)随杂质位置和强度的变化.     

石墨烯/壳聚糖修饰玻碳电极 测定水样中痕量铜离子

采用控制电位电解法,在玻碳电极((GCE)上进行石墨烯(GN)/壳聚糖(CS)修饰膜的电沉积,将制得的膜修饰电极GN/CS/GCE在0.1 mol·L-1的HAc-NaAc电解液(pH=4.2)于-0.5 V(vs.SCE)电位下富集Cu2+,并用差分脉冲溶出伏安法测定.结果表明,该膜修饰电极对Cu2+的富集作用明显强...     

南湖水体多相介质中重金属元素的分布特征

以南湖水体中的水、 沉积物、 生物膜和悬浮物为研究对象, 对重金属元素的分布与富集情况进行了研究. 结果表明, 不同采样点、 不同相中Zn的含量最高, Cd的含量最低, 但Cd的富集能力最强, 生物膜和悬浮物富集重金属的能力远大于沉积物的富集能力, 且Zn,Cu,Cd和Pb均表现出点源污染的特性; 采用社会科学统计程序（SPSS）相关分析方法分析了重金属元素（Zn,Cu,Cd,Pb,Fe和Mn）在固相介质中的相互关系, 结果显示, 沉积物、 生物膜和悬浮物中元素间的相关性趋势存在着一定差异, 3种固相介质中Cd与Fe的相关系数均大于Cd与Mn的相关系数, 而Pb与Fe的相关系数均小于Pb与Mn的相关系数, 说明铁氧化物对镉环境化学行为的贡献大于锰氧化物, 对铅环境化学行为的贡献小于锰氧化物.     

石墨烯在锂离子电池材料中大有可为

锂离子电池是一种典型的可充电电池,在储能技术领域占主导地位,应用极为广泛。近年来,科技发展对锂离子电池提出了更高要求,包括高能量密度、高安全稳定性等,驱动着电池材料与结构不断创新发展。研制石墨烯基复合正极负极材料,是极为活跃的方向。在此,对锂离子电池的结构、面临的突出挑战以及石墨烯基正极和负极材料研究前沿进行了介绍,重点围绕石墨烯增强电极材料电学特性的基本原理和复合材料制备技术作了阐述,也提出了未来发展动向。     

Synthesis of graphene on a Ni film by radio-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

Large-area single-or multilayer graphene of high quality is synthesized on Ni films by radio-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD) at a relatively low temperature (650℃).In the deposition process,a trace amount of CH4 gas (2-8 sccm (sccm denotes standard cubic centimeter per minute at STP)) is introduced into the PECVD chamber and only a short deposition time (30-60 s) is used.Single-or multilayer graphene is obtained because carbon atoms from the discharging CH4 diffuse into the Ni film and then segregate out at its surface.The layer number of the obtained graphene increases when the deposition time or CH4 gas flow rate is increased.This investigation shows that PECVD is a simple,low-cost,and effective technique to synthesize large-area single-or multilayer graphene,which has potential for application as electronic devices.