In vitro development ofXenopus skin glands producing 5-hydroxytryptamine and caerulein

The granular glands of amphibian skin synthesize and store a large amount of bioactive amines and peptides which are structurally similar to mammalian brain-gut peptides. To investigate the development of peptide- and amine-producing cells in the granular glands, pieces of dorsal skin taken at various stages fromXenopus laevis tadpoles were cultured, and the contents of caerulein and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were measured. When pieces of skin from tadpoles at stages 57 to 60 (Nieuwkoop and Faber stages) were cultured in a medium containing 10% fetal calf serum (FCS medium) or one containing FCS treated with charcoal (chFCS medium), the caerulein and 5-HT levels were increased for the six days of the incubation period. The caerulein content was lower in the chFCS medium than in the FCS medium. Addition of thyroxine to the chFCS medium had no significant effect on the caerulein content. These results show that the caerulein-and 5-HT-producing cells of the granular glands can develop in a culture system with FCS- or chFCS-containing media, and suggest that FCS contains substances which are absorbed by charcoal and stimulate development of the amine- and peptideproducing cells of the glands. In a preliminary search for correlation between caerulein and 5-HT synthesis, addition of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), a precursor to 5-HT, to the FCS medium increased 5-HT content and, conversely, caused significant decrease in caerulein content, suggesting that accumulation of caerulein in the granular glands is influenced by the amount of 5-HT synthesis. These studies indicate that this culture system is a useful model for investigating the development of peptide- and amine-producing cells.     

颗粒堆积物在不同堆放方式下的占空比和分形维数的计算

通过计算机编程模拟了在二维体系下颗粒堆积物规则堆积、交错堆积、随机堆积、混合堆积的过程,计算了不同堆放方式下颗粒堆积物的占空比k及分形维数d.我们发现颗粒物质的占空比k及分形维数d与堆积方式和颗粒大小有关.     

新型厌氧处理新工艺

介绍了ASBR的基本操作方式，工艺分析及基本特征，讨论了ASBR的进水时间之比、碱度、温度及反应器高径比对ASBR运行的影响。     

纳米Co/Cu合金的磁性与退火热处理

系统研究了快淬Cox/Cu100-x(5≤X≤30)合金的磁性以及退火处理对磁性的影响。随退火温度的上升，Co颗粒在长大。当Co含量增加时，饱和磁化强度Ms和箸顽力Hc增大。Co含量少的样品，退火处理对磁化曲线影响大，Co含量多的样品与之相反。随退火温度TA升高，矫顽力Hc和剩余磁化强度Mr增大。在特征冻结温度（300K）下观察到一个大热滞效应。这个热滞温度远大于在ZFC曲线的峰值温度，这表明磁性颗粒的尺寸及形状有一较宽的分布。     

线荷载积分方程法分析嵌于粒状半空间的竖桩

本文采用线荷载积分方程法对轴向受力的刚性桩和弹性桩作了分析,认为桩是嵌于粒状材料半空间的,问题归结成弗雷德霍姆(Fredholm)第一类积分方程,并给出了数值结果。     

人芽囊原虫扫描电镜观察

扫描电镜观察,人芽囊原虫空泡型虫体的表面较光滑;阿米巴型虫体表面高低不平,呈锯齿状和块状突起;颗粒型虫体表面呈长条形内陷。颗粒型虫体表面的颗粒是在细胞质中产生的,细胞外膜破裂后露丁体表,脱离表面后,表面留有半球形凹陷。颗粒型虫体内和表面的圆形颗粒性质一致,为线粒体、微小体等结构,纤丝层在空泡型虫体中可能起着维持虫体形,增强虫体表面强度的作用,老化的空泡型虫体失去了上述功能;在阿米巴型虫体中,起着非专一性粘着细菌的功能。本文认为人芽囊原虫细胞外环境与细胞内环境之间有潜在通道。     

外力作用下二维六角密排颗粒系统中力的分布

讨论了在单个外力作用下二维六角密排颗粒系统中竖直方向作用力随层数以及参量G(i,j)的分布,通过计算发现该作用力的分布在很大程度上依赖于参量G(i,j)的变化,随着W(i,j)的减小,其分布会从高斯分布过渡到一种双峰的分布;而对于不同层的力的分布具有类似的形式.     

粘性颗粒剪切流垂向分选实验研究

本文利用剪切室研究了粘性颗粒剪切条件下的流动和分选情况,并针对实验现象和结果展开分析和讨论.实验结果表明,相比干颗粒而言,粘性颗粒相互黏结得更紧密,颗粒的流动性减弱,颗粒在流动过程中的浓度分布、应力状况以及分选均会受颗粒流动性减弱的影响.     

Molecular dynamics simulation and continuum modelling of granular surface flow in rotating drums

Numerical simulations of granular flows in rotating drums operated at medium to high rates (Fr=0.1― 0.2) have been carried out by using a Molecular Dynamics (MD) algorithm that incorporates inelastic particle interactions, sliding friction and rolling friction. The results indicate that the behavior of granular flow in rotating drums can be classified into two distinct zones: a shear active layer at the bed surface and a quasi-static plug flow region adjacent to the wall. The residence time of a tracer particle in the active layer is approximately a third or a half of that in the plug flow region. The thickness of the active layer at mid-chord is about 0.57―0.61 times that of the plug flow region. It is found that all cases simulated in this work are in the rolling-cascading intermediate regime instead of the pure rolling re-gime. The simulated tangential velocity at the mid-chord is also compared with experimental results reported in the literature and good agreement has been obtained. Based on the MD simulations and experimental results, a continuum approach has also been developed. It is shown that the behavior of granular solids in the plug flow region experiences plastic deformation along the radial direction from the wall with the velocity profiles well described by an exponential function, whereas the active layer velocity follows a simple expression for the Couette shear flow. Discussion has also been made on the granular temperature and concentration profiles.     

回火对Q460E低合金结构钢组织与性能的影响

研究了回火温度对正火Q460E低合金结构钢的力学性能与组织影响.结果表明,在200℃到500℃范围内回火,力学性能相对较为稳定且具有较高的强韧性,而且屈强比也比较低,回火温度升高到600℃,力学性能虽相对较低,但钢的强韧性要比GB/T1591-1994(国标)规定的要高.分析认为:600℃回火强韧性降低幅度相对大的原因主要是粒状贝氏体的分解,碳化物的析出长大球化且分布在条状铁素体边沿,犹如上贝氏体,以及碳化物在原奥氏体晶界分布.200℃回火能够获得较高的强度和突出的韧性.回火过程就是粒状贝氏体分解变化,碳化物析出长大球化过程.