Primary Sn-rich titianite in the Qitianling granite, Hunan Province, southern China: An important type of tin-bearing mineral and its implications for tin exploration

The Qitianling calc-alkaline granite in Hunan Province (South China) has attracted much attention since the discovery of the Furong super-large tin deposit. The present study provides new mineralogical data to address their implications for exploration of tin deposits. In the Taoxiwo granite in the southeastern part of the Qitianling granite body, Sn-rich titanite was identified as an important type of Sn-bearing mineral. The titanite commonly occurs with biotite as euhedral crystals, exhibiting typical envelope-like shape and sector-zoning texture. These indicate that the titanite most likely crystallized in the magmatic stage. Electron-microprobe analyses show that the titanite is enriched in tin up to 1.12 wt% SnO₂, with an average of 0.43 wt%. With the crystallization of the granite, primary minerals undertook hydrothermal alteration by magma-derived fluids. Subsequently, in the hydrothermal stage, the primary Sn-bearing titanite was altered (at least partially), but still preserved its typical envelope-shaped outline. Micro-scale cassiterite is a representative product of such alteration; other secondary minerals include fluorite, ilmenite, Sn-bearing rutile and quartz. Therefore, the titanite, commonly present in the calcalkaline granites, can be treated as an important Sn-carrying mineral in the Qitianling granite, reflecting the primary magmatic environment with tin enrichment. The hydrothermal alteration of the primary titanite and subsequent crystallization of cassiterite recorded a process of leaching and accumulation of tin in magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of the Sn-bearing granite. Thus, this titanite has important implications for tin exploration. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40730423 and 40221301) and Project of China Geological Survey (Grant No. 1212010632100)     

龙门山形成动力机制的地球化学信息

通过对龙门山西侧的老君沟、孟通沟、峨特山、羊拱海、年保也则5个花岗岩体的地球化学特征研究,为龙门山形成的动力机制提供了部分地球化学信息。     

人造花岗岩复合材料的开发与建议

人造花岗岩材料是近十几年来开发的一种新型复合材料。它以天然石料为骨料,用合成树脂作粘接剂,通过固化作用,聚合而成。该材料耐腐蚀、抗酸碱,具有抗振性好、热变形量小等一系列优点。本文从这种新型工程材料的现状,综述了它的组成、制造工艺、性能特点、国内外开发使用情况以及开发应用的几个技术关键问题,并提出了适于在我国推广应用的建议。     

藏北羌塘南缘早白垩世青草山强过铝质S型花岗岩的成因: 来自地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学的约束

藏北羌塘南缘扎普?多不杂岩浆弧内的青草山花岗岩体由花岗斑岩和石英二长斑岩组成, 目前缺乏地球化学和年代学数据来约束其成因和形成时代。用 LA-ICP-MS 方法测得石英二长斑岩锆石 206Pb/238U 年龄加权平均值为122±1 Ma (MSWD=3.9), 花岗斑岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb 年龄为114.6±1.2 Ma (MSWD=1.1), 表明岩体形成于早白垩世。岩体含白云母、堇青石, 无角闪石, 具有富铝(A1₂O₃ 含量: 14.81%~15.86%)、贫钙(CaO 含量: 1.10%~2.44%)、总碱含量高(K₂O+Na₂O 含量: 6.86%~8.80%)的特征, 铝饱和指数 A/CNK 为1.06~1.20, 在 CIPW 标准矿物计算中出现刚玉分子(1.20%~2.86%), 未出现透辉石, 表明该岩体为一套强过铝质亚碱性 S 型花岗岩。(La/Yb)N=3.24~16.20, LREE/HREE=4.37~12.4, 在配分曲线上显示左高右低的特征, 富集Rb, Th, U, K, La, Ce 等大离子亲石元素, 亏损Ta, Nb, P, Ti, Y 等高场强元素, 具有较典型的岛弧岩浆岩地球化学特征。研究结果揭示, 青草山花岗岩为班公湖?怒江洋壳北向俯冲背景下, 上地壳杂砂岩质成分发生部分熔融作用的产物。     

偶联剂改善沥青混凝土性能及油石界面试验研究

试验探讨了偶联剂作为油石界面改性剂对沥青混凝土性能改善的可能性.试验发现,偶联剂无论对酸性花岗岩石料还是中性玄武岩石料的沥青混凝土性能都具有明显的改善作用.添加偶联剂的沥青,对石料的黏附等级达到5级,而改性前的沥青与花岗岩和玄武岩的黏附等级仅为2级和3级;马歇尔稳定度比基质沥青混凝土提高10%～20%,马歇尔模数提高约6%,残留马歇尔稳定度提高18%～28%,3次冻融循环后的劈裂强度比相对于基质沥青混凝土提高25%～33%.红外光谱分析证实,偶联剂在花岗岩和玄武岩石料表面均形成一层偶联层.消耗石料表面残留水分、形成偶联化层和提高沥青在石料表面的润湿速度是硅烷偶联剂改善油石界面的根本原因.     

水泥改良花岗岩残积土的强度和崩解特性研究

直接将花岗岩残积土用作路基填筑,易产生溜坍、滑坡等病害.为了消除花岗岩残积土不良特性,对湖南省南岳地区花岗岩残积土粒径级配进行研究,得出该地区花岗岩残积土为砂质粘性土,为了提高其填筑路基的性能,采用不同掺入量的水泥对其进行改良,在压实度均为90%的条件下,利用SLB-1型应力应变控制式三轴剪切渗透试验仪和自制崩解仪对各组试样分别进行三轴试验和崩解试验.改良的花岗岩残积土的抗剪强度和崩解试验结果表明,随着水泥掺量的增加,其抗剪强度逐步提高,遇水崩解状况得到逐步改善,当水泥掺入量达到6%时,能大幅提高花岗岩残积土的抗剪强度,其耐崩解性也得到了大幅度的提高和改善,可达到实际工程中改良当地花岗岩残积土的目的.     

Triassic U-Pb age for zircon from granites in the Tonghua area and its response to the Dabie-Sulu ultrahigh-pressure collisional orogenesis

Single-grain zircon U-Pb dating was carried out to constrain the emplacement timing of granitic plutons at Chaxinzi, Xiaoweishahe and Longtou in the Tonghua area, south of Jilin Province. The results show that these plutons formed in the Triassic with ages of 203—217 Ma. Geological and geochemical characteristics indicate that the plutons are composed of quartz diorite and granite. The former was derived from partial melting of mafic lower crust, whereas the latter originated from thickened crust with garnet as the residue in the source. It appears that protoliths of these two types of granitits are different although they have the same emplacement age. Considering that these plutons are petrologically different from the coeval granites in the Xingmeng (Xing‘an-Mongolian) to Jihei (Jilin-Heilongjiang) orogenic belt in the north, it is suggested that their formation was related to the Dabie-Sulu ultrahigh-pressure collisional orogenesis since their ages are only 10—20 Ma younger than timing of the ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism, but comparable to that of the first rapid exhumation of the ultra-high-pressure metamorphic rocks and the emplacement of the post-collisional granites.     

山东金城地区焦家断裂带下盘隐伏花岗岩类岩石地球化学特征及锆石U-Pb年龄

胶西北金矿集区内中生代花岗岩类分布广泛,与区内金矿成矿关系密切。焦家断裂带深部下盘隐伏的岩体岩性以花岗岩类为主,其成岩时间及成因分类尚存在争议,本次在金城地区采取深部花岗岩类样品,开展了锆石U-Pb测年、主微量元素等测试工作,对花岗岩的岩相学特征、形成时间、岩石地球化学特征等进行了研究。金城地区焦家断裂带下盘深部花岗岩类为中生代侏罗纪玲珑型花岗岩(测得锆石U-Pb年龄值为158.4 Ma和160.4 Ma)和白垩纪郭家岭型花岗岩。本次研究花岗岩样品均表现为I型花岗岩的地球化学特征,说明玲珑型花岗岩重熔物质较复杂,若重熔地壳源岩为火成岩表现为I型花岗岩的特征,重熔的地壳源岩为表壳岩类,则表现为S型花岗岩的特征。区内中生代花岗岩类的形成与太平洋板块俯冲华北板块有关,属大陆弧花岗岩类,为火山弧构造环境。     

石人山花岗岩石质旅游资源的形成过程与保护对策

分析了石人山石质旅游资源的特点及形成过程 ,认为中生代以来的抬升形成山体的构造格架 ,之后的外动力作用塑造了山体的险奇、俊美和各种各样的巧石 ;提出了石人山石质旅游资源的保护对策 ,并呼吁开展科学旅游工作 ,满足大众的需求