SUS306不锈钢平均晶粒尺寸的超声无损检测及其评价

对经过高温热处理的SUS306不锈钢模拟试样进行接触型脉冲反射法高频超声检测实验,对获得的回波信号进行分析,研究衰减系数、速度、底面反射波峰值频率、背散射波强度等超声特征参数的变化情况,建立这些参数与被测材料平均晶粒尺寸的关系,对利用超声脉冲反射技术进行材料热疲劳损伤进展的无损检测与评价具有实际意义.     

焊接接头微观组织演化的可视化模拟

本文主要针对焊接接头微观组织演化建模及其可视化方法进行研究。采用元胞自动机模型,通过对焊接接头的微观组织晶粒生长进行模拟来分析和研究微观组织的形态学和动力学特征;通过微观组织图像人工生成技术,直观、精确地展现出微观组织演化的可视化效果。实验结果表明,经过回归分析得到的晶粒生长指数同主流的Burke经验公式相符,使用元胞自动机算法对微观组织演化进行的可视化模拟得到了令人满意的效果。     

Records of the East Asian winter monsoon from the mud area on the inner shelf of the East China Sea since the mid-Holocene

AMS¹⁴C dating and analysis of grain size, major elements and clay minerals were applied to Core MZ01 from the mud area on the inner shelf of the East China Sea. Based on the environmentally sensitive grain size, clay mineral and major element assemblages, the history of the East Asia winter monsoon since the mid-Holocene could be reconstructed. These three proxies, mean grain size (>9.71 μm), chemical index of alteration (CIA) and ratio of smectite to kaolinite in particular, show similar fluctuation patterns. Furthermore, 10 extreme values corresponding to the contemporary cooling events could be recognized since the mid-Holocene; these extreme values are likely to have been caused by the strengthening of the East Asia winter monsoon. The cooling events correlated well with the results of the δ¹⁸O curves of the Dunde ice core and GISP2, which therefore revealed a regional response to global climate change. Four stages of the East Asia winter monsoon were identified, i.e. 8300–6300 a BP, strong and unstable; 6300–3800 a BP, strong but stable; 3800–1400 a BP, weak and unstable; after 1400 a BP, weak but stable.     

高效液相色谱测定麦糟水解液中单糖和有机酸

建立在麦糟水解液中,单糖、有机酸和糖醛酸等的高效液相色谱测定法.在确定的色谱条件下,葡萄糖、阿拉伯糖、鼠李糖、甲酸、乙酸、葡萄糖醛酸、半乳糖醛酸的分离状况良好,其峰面积与质量浓度的线性关系良好,相关系数R2值为0.991 2~0.999 7,回收率为99.40%~105.90%.木糖、半乳糖、甘露糖在AminexHPX-87H柱上不能分离,但可用ZORBAX Carbohydrate Analysis柱分离.采用示差折光检测器检测,柱温为30℃,流动相中乙腈和水的体积比为80∶20,流速为1.0 mL.min-1,进样量为0.02 mL,外标法定量,结果表明,其峰面积与浓度线性关系良好,相关系数R2值为0.995 9~0.999 1,回收率为99.99%~102.70%.     

心理理论脑机制的分歧:前额叶中部与颞顶联合区

系统介绍了心理理论神经机制探索领域中主要存在的分歧,并分析了可能的原因.从整体上看,该分歧定位在一个问题之上:前额叶中部与颞顶联合区,谁才是心理理论神经机制中的核心.研究范式和材料的不统一性、心理过程的不单一性、生态效度不同质性等问题可能是造成分歧的原因.     

碳基层碳粉粒径对微生物燃料电池性能的影响

为研究空气阴极微生物燃料电池(Air-Cathode Microbial Fuel Cell,ACMFC)阴极结构中碳基层碳粉粒径对ACMFC产电性能的影响,制备了5种不同碳粉粒径(10 000目、8 000目、6 000目、3 000目和100 nm)的碳基层。实验结果表明,碳粉粒径对ACMFC产电性能的影响较大,其中碳粉粒径为10 000目的碳基层性能最好,最大功率密度约为647.0 mW·m-2(接近于常规ACMFC的最大功率密度),比采用其他四种碳基层的ACMFC的最大功率密度高10%至30%。对碳粉比表面积、碳基层表面形貌的扫描电镜测试和不同粒径下的阴极内阻实验发现,一方面当碳粉粒径过大时,碳粉比表面积较小;另一方面当碳粉粒径过小时,碳粉又易在制备过程中发生团聚,两种情况都不利于氧气的传质,均会导致阴极内阻的增大,最终降低了ACMFC的功率密度。     

库车坳陷依南2气藏油气运移路径及充注特征

在流体包裹体观测、测井曲线及依南2气藏综合地质资料分析的基础上, 利用定量荧光技术分析库车坳陷依南2气藏26块砂岩样品的荧光光谱特征, 揭示该气藏油气运移路径及油气充注特征。 研究表明, 依南2气藏经历了早期原油充注、原油泄漏与晚期天然气充注过程。由储层砂岩样品的QGF定量荧光光谱响应与烃类包裹体分析, 推测依南2气藏早期油源来自深部三叠系泥岩层与侏罗系煤层, 通过垂直向上运移, 古油藏经历构造破坏, 发生泄漏, 未形成具有规模的古油藏。QGF-E荧光光谱响应表明, 天然气运移路径亦为垂直向上运移, 依南2气藏储层4750 m以下可能为大面积含气区。TSF荧光指纹图揭示, 依南2气藏具有混源特征, 气源由侏罗系煤层和三叠系湖相泥岩烃源岩共同贡献。     

Improvements in the microstructure and fatigue behavior of pure copper using equal channel angular extrusion

In this study, annealed pure copper was extruded using equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) for a maximum of eight passes. The fatigue resistance of extruded specimens was evaluated for different passes and applied stresses using fatigue tests, fractography, and metallography. The mechanical properties of the extruded material were obtained at a tensile test velocity of 0.5 mm/min. It was found that the maximum increase in strength occurred after the 2nd pass. The total increase in ultimate strength after eight passes was 94%. The results of fatigue tests indicated that a significant improvement in fatigue life occurred after the 2nd pass. In subsequent passes, the fatigue life continued to improve but at a considerably lower rate. The improved fatigue life was dependent on the number of passes and applied stresses. For low stresses (or high-cycle fatigue), a maximum increase in fatigue resistance of approximately 500% was observed for the extruded material after eight passes, whereas a maximum fatigue resistance of 5000% was obtained for high-applied stresses (or low-cycle fatigue). Optical microscopic examinations revealed grain refinements in the range of 32 to 4 μm. A maximum increase in impact energy absorption of 100% was achieved after eight passes. Consistent results were obtained from fractography and metallography examinations of the extruded material during fatigue tests.     

真空钎焊对304L不锈钢带材组织与性能的影响

采用传统金相、显微硬度、板式拉伸检测方法研究了304 L不锈钢带在真空钎焊前后截面微观组织、显微硬度和抗拉强度的变化情况。本文针对钎焊后晶粒有明显长大倾向、显微硬度有所降低、材料的延伸率变化明显的现象对其机理进行了分析和研究,并提出了工艺参数的改进建议,为其在工业生产中提供了参考依据。     

明清时期漕船的趱运

明清时期,为保证漕粮船只按时抵达目的地,朝廷分别委派中央官员和地方官员对漕船进行催趱。明初,中央官员的委派并无定制,自万历六年开始以御史为专职催趱漕船的中央官员;清承明制,直至清末。催趱漕船的地方官员,明清两代略有不同。明清两代以漕运为国家命脉,视漕粮为＂天庾正供＂,朝廷设官派员,专司催趱之责,及由此而起。然而在催趱漕船的过程中存在很多弊端。