结构实体混凝土强度检测技术的现状与趋势

讨论了回弹法、钻芯法、超声波法和拨出法等常用结构实体混凝土强度检测技术的优、缺点,并就如何提高结构实体混凝土强度检测技术的精度,提出了一些亟待解决的关键技术问题。     

滇东牛头山地区早震旦世沉积相及大地构造环境

野外调查和室内分析表明,牛头山地区陆良组、牛头山组应属下震旦统,其沉积相类型自下而上可划分为辫状河相、河口湾相、浅海相、滨海相、浅海相及三角洲相。“牛头山古陆”在早震旦世是不存在的。牛头山地区当时为被动大陆边缘。     

Quantitative genetic models of sexual selection

Summary Quantitative genetic models of sexual selection have disporven some of the central tenets of both the handicap mechanism and the sexy son hypothesis. These results suggest that the good genes approach to sexual selection may generally lead to erroneous results.Runaway sexual selection seems possible under a wide variety of circumstances. Quantittive genetic models have revealed runaway processes for sexually selected attributes expressed in both sexes and for attributes of parental care. Furthermore, the runaway could occur simultaneously in a series of populations that straddle an environmental gradient. While the models support the feasibility of runaway processes, empirical studies are needed to evaluate whether runaways actually happen. Estimates of critical genetic parameters are particularly needed, as well as measures of natural and sexual selection acting on the same population.The models also show that sexual selection has tremendous potential to produce population differentiation, particularly in epigamic traits. Differentiation is promoted by indeterminancy of evolutionary outcome, transient differences among populations during the final slow approach to equilibrium, sampling drift among equilibrium populations, and the tendency of sexual selection to amplify geographic variation arising from spatial differences in natural selection. Recent work with two- and three-locus models of sexual selection has produced results that parallel the results of the polygenic models^36–38,58. Thus the feature of indeterminate equilibria (outcome dependent on initial conditions) is common to both types of model.     

华北克拉通恒山地区晚太古代变质火山岩的地球化学特征及构造意义

对恒山地区出露的变质火山岩开展岩相学、地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素研究,旨在确定其形成时代,探讨岩石成因及地球动力学意义。锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,这些变质火山岩喷发于新太古代晚期(2508±20Ma)。地球化学分析结果显示,恒山变质火山岩由变质玄武岩和变质玄武安山岩组成,SiO₂(45.51%～62.67%)、FeO_T (4.43%～15.72%)和MgO (3.75%～8.14%)含量变化幅度大,是幔源岩浆经单斜辉石、角闪石和磁铁矿分离结晶的产物。这些变质火山岩富集轻稀土(LREE)和大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损重稀土(HREE)和高场强元素(HFSE),具有相对高的Th含量和Th/Yb比值,呈现钙碱性岛弧火山岩的特征。结合不相容元素比值Nb/Yb,Zr/Yb和(Nb/La)_N的特点,推测其来源于俯冲带具流体交代特征的富集地幔源区。结合区域构造背景,推断恒山变质火山岩形成于新太古晚期大陆弧环境。     

覆冰地区分裂与扩径导线表面电场特性

输电线路覆冰对电力系统安全运行具有严重威胁,目前已经发展了多种防冰除冰方法,但每种方法都有其局限性,对于一些具有微气象、微地形特征的重覆冰地区尚未有较好的解决方法。文中考虑到扩径导线的特点和分裂导线输电线路的局限性,根据波阻抗和自然功率将分裂导线等效为单导线,并考虑电流的集肤效应,得到了等效的单根扩径导线,进而分析比较覆冰地区的分裂导线及其等效的单根扩径导线的表面电场特性。研究表明：等效前后导线截面面积相同且波阻抗一致时,扩径导线与分裂导线相比,不仅显著降低了子导线根数和输电线路的覆冰荷载,而且在扩径导线的半径等于分裂导线的等效单导线半径时,扩径导线的表面最大电场强度小于分裂导线。因此,在严重覆冰地区,采用分裂导线等效半径的扩径导线具有非常好的表面电场特性,且可显著降低冰风荷载,提高抗冰强度。     

地面突风对通航飞行器的影响及数值模拟研究

突风一直以来都是危及飞行安全的重要气象要素之一,造成国民经济和人民生命财产的损失。利用常规观测资料、ADWR-X多普勒气象雷达资料和ERA5逐小时再分析资料,对四川盆地西部一次爆发性大风过程中风场的精细化特征、成因及对飞行的影响进行诊断和模拟研究,结果表明：此次大风过程风速增长快,爆发性强。地面风速自午后开始出现4次波动,且每一次波动期间风速峰值呈增加趋势,时间呈缩短趋势。由于第4次波动风速呈爆发性增加,最大瞬时风达到了16.1 m/s,地面风速脉动值超过5 m/s,致使跑道区域内流场的不稳定性增加,起降跑道侧风值超过了中小型飞行器的起降标准。高空动量下传对本次大风过程中风速的爆发性增加起主导作用。中层强偏南气流与低层偏北急流配和,中层辐合以及低层辐散下沉的垂直结构使得低层下沉气流异常强劲,将900～850 hPa的大风核快速向地面传导。通过天气研究与预报(weather research and forecasting, WRF)模式四重嵌套对本次过程进行模拟,表明WRF对盆地西部冷空气补充南下引起的在风速演变趋势、风速最大值和大风影响时段的风向有较好的模拟能力,对飞行起飞和着陆有一...     

胶东-辽东-朝鲜巨型金矿集中区的分离

胶东、辽东、朝鲜北部三区在地质上表现出了极大的相似性和稳定性。它们不但在元古代地层上可以相互对比,而且还有着一个统一的硼的地球化学省,在大地构造单元上也可以相互衔接。三区可以拼合为一个整体,使辽东的丹东金矿区、朝北的平安北道金矿区和胶东的招掖金矿区正好合成一个完整的整体,构成了一个巨大的金矿集中区。这个巨型金矿集中区是在统一的古陆块上由同一成因作用形成的,后因大陆的张裂和离散被分离。文中对它的分离机制和过程进行了探讨。     

农田蒸散和干旱的计算及其分析

农田蒸散是形成土壤干旱的主要因素。本文采用陶祖文的彭曼修正公式对冀东地区的唐山、秦皇岛、乐亭、遵化等地3～11月的可能蒸散与可能实际蒸散进行了计算,并与本省南部的曲周做了可能蒸散量的对比分析。在统计分析的基础上,按《干旱分析方法的探讨》一文给出的华北地区干旱指标,用唐山农业气象站1980～1989年观测旱作地段的土壤湿度资料,对当地干旱的发生与干旱的指标进行了分析和验证。     

外加电磁场对火焰结构及燃料燃烧特性的影响

燃料在电、磁场作用下的燃烧是一个新的跨学科性质的研究课题.它涉及磁流体发电、空间技术中电磁燃烧技术的应用以及能源与动力工程中能量转换与效率.本文从实验和理论两个方面,扼要地报导了碳氢燃料在外加磁场、电场影响下的火焰结构及其燃烧特性.把近年来我研究小组的主要研究结果汇总发表.     

The in vivo expression of the globin genes of theβ cistron in γ-,δ-, andδβ-thalassemia heterozygotes

There is considerable evidence suggesting that the switch from to and chain production after birth is due, in part, to silencing of the genes by stage-specific factors which bind to their promoters and to the competition from the adult ( and ) genes for a common enhancer element located in the locus control region. As a consequence one can expect that the increased Hb F production in adults with hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin or -thalassemia is directed mainly by -globin genes in cis to the deletion(s) responsible for these conditions. Here we review data on heterozygotes with -, -, or -thalassemia, who also had an^AT mutation, in cis or in trans, which was used as a marker of gene expression. The results show that a deletion affecting adult genes favors the expression of genes in cis, while the deletion of a single gene does not affect the expression of the gene in cis but leads to a faster switch postnatally.