Carbon-free nanoporous gold based membrane electrocatalysts for fuel cells

Nanoporous gold (NPG) membranes made by dealloying consist of a bicontinuous network of Au ligaments and open pore channels, which have gained considerable attention as a platform for the design of carbon-free electrodes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Benefiting from a unique combination of high electronic conductivity, high surface area, and modifiable surface chemistry, these self-supporting membrane type electrodes allow integration of various structural functions required for specific electrode reactions and simultaneously facilitate the entire fuel cell kinetic process. In this review, we summarize the major research progresses in this area, with an emphasis on how to customize the surface structures of these three-dimensional electrocatalysts for desired fuel molecule oxidation and oxidant reduction. We will also discuss these designed structural characteristics that can be readily accommodated in membrane electrode assemblies (MEA), thus effectively bridging the technological gap between electrocatalysts’ intrinsic activities and their actual performances in fuel cells.     

基于分层部分核实数据对二项比例的齐性检验

针对分层情况下的疾病流行率问题,考虑了金标准存在时,在各层的敏感度和特异度不同时二项比例(疾病流行率)的齐性检验;提出了基于渐近检验过程的7种统计量和基于Bootstrap重抽样检验过程的4种统计量,并通过蒙特卡罗模拟研究来比较了各种检验的犯第一类错误的概率和检验功效;研究表明:score统计量、似然比统计量和4种基于bootstrap重抽样的检验统计量具有良好的统计性质,推荐用于实际中;最后,实际数据进一步验证了方法的有效性。     

抗氧化剂阿魏酸自组装金纳米颗粒的体外抗氧化

对纳米阿魏酸抗氧化剂在巨噬细胞上的抗氧化保护作用进行检测,并采用电子顺磁-自旋捕获技术和光谱法对纳米阿魏酸在细胞水平上清除自由基的能力进行检测.实验结果表明:与抗氧化剂单体相比,纳米阿魏酸抗氧化剂可以更为有效地清除由细胞外界叔丁基过氧化物(t-BuOOH)刺激所产生的活性氧自由基.同时,通过光谱法对细胞膜脂质过氧化物指标丙二醛进行检测,证明纳米抗氧化剂可以更为有效地保护经受外界刺激的巨噬细胞.通过自组装方式可将抗氧化剂纳米化有利于提高抗氧化剂的抗氧化水平.     

金矿浮选回收率预测模型

浮选回收率是金矿选矿过程重要的生产指标,目前主要是通过人工化验的方法检测获得,人工检测周期较长,造成金矿厂不能及时把握浮选工艺水平.在大量现场生产数据的基础上,分别采用多元线性回归和BP神经网络的方法,建立了金矿厂浮选回收率的预测模型.预测误差分析表明,BP神经网络预测模型能较好地预测金矿厂的浮选回收率,当预测相对误差在±3%范围内时,模型的预测精度达到91%,对于实际生产具有良好的参考作用.     

贵州省册亨县尾若金矿点地质特征及找矿方向

贵州册亨县尾若金矿产于北东向F_2断裂破碎带内,含金地层为三叠系许满组,矿化围岩为泥灰岩、泥质粉砂岩,围岩蚀变有硅化、黄铁矿化、碳酸盐化、黏土化、毒砂化、脱钙;矿体呈扁豆状、透镜状、脉状产出,矿化体(带)长200m,矿化带(体)水平厚度1.00m~5.20m,平均品位Au为0.50×10~(-6)~6.37×10~(-6)。     

冀东地区典型金矿床地质特征研究

冀东地区金矿产出较为集中,且地质特征有许多相似之处,通过对比研究金矿床的地质特征、矿体特征、围岩蚀变以及成矿条件,认为冀东地区金矿床成矿岩体应定位在燕山期花岗岩体,控矿构造定位于断裂或剪切带处。石英脉和黄铁矿脉可做为较好的直接找矿标志,此外,硅化、黄铁矿化等围岩蚀变对金的富集有重要意义。     

大水沟地区金多金属矿成矿地质背景及找矿远景分析

通过几年的野外勘查工作,大水沟矿区在找矿方面取得了较为显著的成果,矿区内圈定了2处水系沉积物综合异常,通过异常查证,目前发现了3条矿化蚀变带,圈出金矿体5条、铜矿体1条、钼矿化体1条、铅锌银矿化脉1条。其中金矿体主要赋存于蚀变的碎裂岩中,对发现的矿体沿走向进行了槽探揭露、钻探深部验证控制,矿体沿走向、倾向具一定延伸,深部品位变富,与邻近五龙沟金矿田具有相似的成矿地质背景及成矿规律,说明该矿区具有较大的找矿空间。     

Au@SiO2颗粒对石墨烯量子点拉曼信号的增强作用

采用金纳米颗粒包覆了一层二氧化硅壳层作为实验材料,利用该核壳材料增强石墨烯量子点的拉曼信号,并实现了单颗粒增强.实验中,二氧化硅的厚度可以通过反应时间得到控制,该壳层可以增强金纳米颗粒的化学和物理稳定性.本文方法与使用纯金纳米颗粒增强石墨烯量子点拉曼信号相比,其拉曼信号强度增强了20%以上.     

Chiral ligand-protected gold nanoclusters: Considering the optical activity from a viewpoint of ligand dissymmetric field

Chirality is a geometric property of a physical, chemical, or biological object, which is not superimposable on its mirror image. Its significant presence has led to a strong demand in the development of chiral drugs, sensors, catalysts, and photofunctional materials. In recent years, chirality of nanoscale organic/inorganic hybrids has received tremendous attention owing to potential applications in chiral nanotechnology. In particular, with the recent progress in the syntheses and characterizations of atomically precise gold nanoclusters protected by achiral thiolates, atomic level origins of their chirality have been unveiled. On the other hand, chirality or optical activity in metal nanoclusters can also be introduced via the surface chiral ligands, which should be universal for the nanosystems. This tutorial review presents some optically-active metal (gold) nanoclusters protected by chiral thiolates or phosphines, and their chiroptical (or circular dichroism; CD) properties are discussed mostly from a viewpoint of the ligand dissymmetric field scheme. The examples are the gold nanoclusters protected by (R)-/(S)-2-phenylpropane-1-thiol, (R)-/(S)-mercaptosuccinic acid, phenylboronate-D/L-fructose complexes, phosphine sulfonate-ephedrinium ion pairs, or glutathione. Some methodologies for versatile asymmetric transformation and chiroptical controls of the nanocluster compounds are also described. In the dissymmetric field model as the origin of optical activity, the chiroptical responses of the gold nanoclusters are strongly associated with coupled oscillator and/or CD stealing mechanisms based on the concept of induced CD (ICD) derived from a perturbation theory, so on this basis, some characteristic features of the observed CD responses of chiral ligand-protected gold nanoclusters are presented in detail. We believe that various kinds of origins of chirality found in ligand-protected gold nanoclusters may provide models for understanding those of many related nanomaterials.     

Two kinds of Carlin-type gold deposite in southwestern Guizhou, China

Based on the organic geochemical studies on two typical Carlin-type deposits in southwestern Guizhou, as well as the comparison between the two deposits in terms of geological background, igneous rock, paleo-oilfield, lithofacies and paleogeographical and geochemical features, two kinds of Carlin-type deposit were proposed: Lannigou Type and Getang Type. The former includes Lannigou, Banqi and Yata gold deposits. These deposits are hosted by turbidite, geographically situated in the southwest of the mineralized district, and related genetically to paleo-oilfields. The latter includes Getang, Zimudang and Dachang gold (mercury and thallium) deposits, situated geographically in the northwest of the mineralized district where Emeishan basalt commonly occurs. These deposits are associated with reduction of coaly organic matter.