Calanoides natalis Brady, 1914 (Copepoda: Calanoida: Calanidae): identity and distribution in relation to coastal oceanography of the eastern Atlantic and western Indian Oceans

Until recently, Calanoides carinatus s.l. was assumed to be very widespread in the upwelling systems of the Atlantic, Indian and western Pacific Oceans. Molecular data, reported here, show that Calanoides from the eastern Atlantic and Arabian Sea are one species and distinct from C. carinatus s.s. The name Calanoides natalis Brady, 1914 is available for this species, which is fully re-described. The illustration by Brady of the male fifth leg and the currently reported genetic data lead us to conclude that C. natalis is distributed from the Bay of Biscay southwards along the eastern Atlantic, around the Cape of Good Hope, and northwards along the western boundary of the Indian Ocean as far as the Arabian Sea. A by-product of this study is the recognition that Calanoides macrocarinatus is a junior synonym of Calanoides brevicornis. Females of C. natalis are easy to distinguish morphologically from C. carinatus s.s. but are more similar to C. brevicornis, apart from size differences. From physical oceanographic evidence we conclude that the Indian Ocean is currently the upstream part of the distribution of C. natalis. Calanoides philippinensis is known to extend into the eastern Indian Ocean at tropical latitudes. It is not known if it is C. philippinensis that has been recorded along the western coast of Australia. An apparently undescribed species of Calanoides occurs on the eastern Australian coast.     

Daphniola Radoman, 1973 (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae): shell biometry,mtDNA, and the Pliocene flooding

Shell biometry and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) mtDNA were studied in Daphniola exigua (Schmidt, 1856), D. graeca Radoman, 1973 Radoman, P. 1973. New classification of fresh and brackish water Prosobranchia from the Balkans and Asia Minor.. Posebna Izdanja, Prirodnjacki Musej u Beogradu, 32: 1–30.  [Google Scholar], and D. louisi Falniowski and Szarowska, 2000 Falniowski, A. and Szarowska, M. 2000. A new species of Daphniola Radoman, 1973 (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) from Greece.. Folia Malacologica, 8: 181–188.  [Google Scholar] from Greece. Principal component analysis of shell morphometry confirmed the distinctness of D. louisi along the PC3 axis. Kimura 2‐parameter (K2P) genetic distances within D. graeca and D. exigua were 0.016 and 0.003–0.008, respectively, all D. louisi sequences were identical. The distance between D. exigua and D. graeca was 0.013–0.027. The distances between D. louisi and D. graeca, and D. louisi and D. exigua, were 0.098–0.110 and 0.091–0.096, respectively. The mean distance between D. louisi and the other Daphniola species was 0.098±0.007, while between the eight Daphniola specimens and the so far closest species Grossuana codreanui (Grossu, 1946) was 0.102–0.123. A maximum likelihood tree was constructed for all Daphniola, with Grossuana codreanui and Bythinella austriaca (Frauenfeld, 1856) as an outgroup. This confirmed that D. louisi is a distinct species, and must have diverged after the Pliocene marine transgression.     

栗子多酚氧化酶催化动力学及抑制机理的研究

用丙酮从栗子中提取多酚氧化酶, 用分光光度法测出酶催化反应的最佳条件是ｐＨ 值为６ ．３ , 温度为２５ ℃, 反应活化能等于２４ ．３６ ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ－ １ , 米氏常数ＫＭ＝ １ ．０５４ ×１０ － ２ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１ ; 研究了八种抑制剂对酶活性的抑制作用,其中柠檬酸的抑制机理是属于可逆竞争性抑制, 求得与抑制有关的常数ＫＩ＝ １ ．３４ ×１０ － ２ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－ １ , 对果蔬的保鲜有重要的指导意义     

离子注入水稻的同工酶研究

研究离子束辐照水稻干种子对幼苗过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）和细胞色素氧化酶（ＣＯＤ）同工酶的影响。结果表明：根的ＰＯＤ同工酶和苗的ＣＯＤ同工酶谱带数量和酶活性均有变化,而苗的ＰＯＤ同工酶和根的ＣＯＤ同工酶仅表现为酶活性的变化。植物体中不同种同工酶和不同器官对离子束辐照的敏感性不同。     

终止剂法测定胆红素氧化酶活性

以L-抗坏血酸(Vc)为终止剂改进的经典胆红素氧化酶(BOD)酶活测定方法.反应体系:0.1 mol/L Tris-HCl缓冲液,含50 mmol/L甘露醇,pH 8.1,总体积3 mL,30μL胆红素贮存液,10μL酶液.25℃反应3 min,加入50μL 50 g/L的Vc,终止酶催化反应,440 nm测定光吸收.同时加入空白对照组.终止剂法只需一般的分光光度计,操作方便,数据重复性更高,可以同时测定多个样品.     

荧光素-GOD-HRP荧光淬灭法测定植物果实组织中的葡萄糖含量

植物组织中的葡萄糖在葡萄糖氧化酶的作用下产生的过氧化氢可在辣根过氧化物酶的催化作用下使荧光素褪色并使荧光淬灭,基于这一现象,笔者建立了一种选择性测定植物果实组织中葡萄糖含量的荧光分析方法,同时利用这种方法对苹果、鸭梨和酥梨组织液中的葡萄糖含量进行了测定,并与分光光度法检测的结果及文献值进行了比较,结果表明:该方法具有安全、方便、准确的优点,适合检测复杂样品尤其是植物中的葡萄糖含量.     

Mab HIM70对人Np NADPH氧化酶的调节（Ⅱ）

在发现Mab HIM70对Np NADPH氧化酶胸浆组分p47^phox、p67^phox和Rac2的表达和参与NADPH氧化酶活化均有降调节作用基础上,进一步探索了Mab HIM70对该降调节作用的机理。发现Mab HIM70可能对NADPH氧化酶上游PKC、PTK及PI3K信号传递途径的活化水平有降调节作用,该单抗对NADPH氧化酶活化有降调节的作用可能与此有关。     

竹叶青蛇毒L-氨基酸氧化酶的表达载体的构建及重组蛋白抗肿瘤的研究

将经BamHⅠ和HindⅢ酶切的pMD18-T-LAAO和Pet28a(+)质粒的纯化回收产物进行连接,将产物Pet28a(+)-LAAO表达载体转化BL21(DE3)进行诱导表达,表达产物经Western-blot分析表明,重组蛋白能被兔抗竹叶青蛇毒L-氨基酸氧化酶(LAAO)阳性血清所识别.将鼻咽癌CNE-2Z、人宫颈癌LYA01021和卵巢癌A2780MSC细胞悬液接种小鼠建立小鼠实体瘤模型,分别用不同浓度重组蛋白接种荷瘤小鼠,根据瘤重和小鼠存活时间计算抑瘤率和对荷瘤小鼠生命延长率.结果表明:重组蛋白对低、中和高剂量组荷瘤小鼠抑瘤率和生命延长率与阴性对照组均存在极显著差异(P<0.01).本研究为开发利用竹叶青蛇毒L-氨基酸氧化酶提供依据,为进一步研制新型的抗肿瘤药物打基础.     

氰丙氨酸合酶在乙烯诱导杨树耐盐中的作用

【目的】探讨木本植物线粒体β-氰丙氨酸合成酶在乙烯诱导的交替呼吸氧化酶(AOX)途径对盐胁迫响应中的作用。【方法】选取盐胁迫下‘南林895’杨叶片,利用HPLC测定氨基环丙烷羧酸(ACC,乙烯前体)含量,实时荧光定量PCR分析基因表达,比色法测定半胱氨酸水平。【结果】盐胁迫使杨树幼苗叶片ACC积累,乙烯合成相关酶(ACS7和ACO3)、氰丙氨酸合酶(CYS C1),以及腈水解酶(NIT4)等基因显著上调表达,同时伴随着线粒体交替呼吸氧化酶(AOX1b)基因的上调和细胞色素c氧化酶(COX6b)基因下调表达。水杨基氧肟酸(SHAM)预处理导致AOX1b基因表达被抑制,电解质渗透率(EL)和丙二醛(MDA)含量上升,但不影响CYS C1表达。而乙烯合成抑制剂氨基氧乙酸(AOA)了抑制CYS C1和盐胁迫诱导的AOX1b基因的表达,并增加EL和MDA含量。此外,AOA恢复盐胁迫减少的半胱氨酸含量,而SHAM和抗霉素A(AA)均无此效应。【结论】杨树叶片CYS C1参与了乙烯激发的耐盐响应,但乙烯诱导的交替呼吸氧化酶(AOX)并未位于CYS C1上游而发挥作用。     

停循环相关脑损伤的大鼠海马线粒体COX蛋白获取及验证

为了明确不同脑温停循环对大鼠海马线粒体差异蛋白质的影响,探讨深低温停循环的脑保护机制,研究以16G导管和22G留置针分别穿刺颈内静脉和尾动脉,建立大鼠闭胸式体外循环模型.并在该模型下完成常温（35.5～37.5 ℃）和深低温（27 ℃）状态下停循环10 min,提取海马组织并纯化线粒体,电镜超微结构显示线粒体纯度和完整性均良好,可以进行下一步研究.按照蛋白质组学要求取线粒体蛋白质匀浆,SDS-PAGE预实验显示标本符合蛋白质组学的需要.最后进行i-TRAQ标记的蛋白质组学分析,获取7个差异蛋白质（依据表达量1.5倍或0.67倍,p0.05）.之后对其中的差异蛋白质细胞色素C氧化酶进行深入研究,免疫荧光染色精确定性表明线粒体和细胞质的COX蛋白在NTCA和DHCA组间的分布是有差异的,Western-blot半定量分析提示3组之间COX蛋白表达量无明显变化（p0.05）,由此判断急性期深低温停循环的脑保护作用与其减少线粒体蛋白质COX向胞质的释放有关。