生物组织工程及高分子组织工程材料的应用

从生物医用高分子材料生物相容性的角度出发,论述了组织工程的产生背景、研究内容及高分子在组织工程中的应用。     

灌注速率对成纤维细胞在三维支架中生长和胶原合成的影响

为了降低工程化组织体外构建过程中的传质限制,采用自行研制的灌注生物反应器系统,以人皮肤成纤维细胞为模型细胞,以PET(Poly(ethylene terephthalate))为三维支架,构建工程化真皮组织,考察灌注速率对成纤维细胞生长和胞外基质合成的影响。将人皮肤成纤维细胞灌注接种于PET支架,分别以0.02、0.2、0.8 cm/min的灌注速率培养18 d。结果表明,灌注培养能促进细胞增殖,提高细胞在3D支架中均匀分布;与静态培养和0.02 cm/min的灌注速率相比,在0.2 cm/min和0.8 cm/min的灌注速率下进行培养,提高了细胞的葡萄糖比消耗速率,刺激细胞合成和分泌更多的胶原基质,但增加了流失到培养液中胶原的比例,灌注培养是体外构建工程化真皮组织的有效方法。     

单面均匀提花组织的产品设计与制作

以单面提花组织为研究对象,探讨了单面提花组织的设计方法与制作工艺.根据其工艺特征和花型的设计原理进行新型单面提花组织的产品设计并进行制作.首先对新型单面均匀提花组织的意匠结构进行设计,共双色纱线两款和3色纱线一款,分别绘制出各自的上机编织图和意匠图等;通过KH-868/KR-838针织横机编织出相应的提花针织物,并分析完成效果,为单面提花组织在针织服装中应用开拓更为广阔的空间.     

自体细胞来源的组织工程皮肤及其实验研究

利用患者自体来源的皮肤细胞,在经过短时间的体外培养后构建组织工程皮肤,并对其移植后的转归进行动物实验观察.分离培养头皮中的角质形成细胞及创面来源的成纤维细胞,并在体外进行传代扩增.利用三维立体培养系统构建复合细胞膜片,移植于裸鼠背部全层缺损创面,以单层细胞膜片为对照,对其转归进行大体及病理学观察.体外分离培养的皮肤细胞在体外扩增2周后即可用于构建复合细胞膜片,在移植覆盖裸鼠全层皮肤创面后,伤口愈合良好,移植2月后的病理结果显示皮肤结构明显优于单层膜片移植.证明利用患者自体来源的皮肤细胞可快速构建组织工程皮肤,有望成为治疗大面积深度烧伤患者的途径之一.     

雌二醇对大鼠离体脂肪组织释放游离脂肪酸的影响

将大鼠离体脂肪组织置于组织灌流肌槽中,分别加入不同浓度的雌二醇及雌二醇加心得安、异搏定或无钙液,测定离体脂肪组织所释放的游离脂肪酸(freefattyacid,FFA)的含量,观察雌二醇对大鼠离体脂肪组织释放FFA的影响,并探讨其作用机制.结果发现雌二醇促进大鼠离体脂肪组织释放FFA(P<0.01),并存在剂量效应关系(r=0.845,P<0.001);;心得安、异搏定和无钙液可不同程度地阻断雌二醇对离体脂肪组织释放FFA的促进作用.由此表明雌二醇可通过增加FFA的释放,促进离体脂肪组织的分解代谢,且其作用可能部分经肾上腺素能β受体、异搏定敏感的L型Ca2+通道及细胞外Ca2+内流介导.     

盾叶薯蓣种子萌发条件及诱导外植体愈伤的研究

作者研究了盾叶薯蓣种子在MS培养基中的萌发条件,并且对其茎、叶片、叶柄进行愈伤组织的诱导．结果表明：(1)在25℃下,用无菌水浸泡的种子在MS 6mg／L赤霉素上获得最高的萌发率;(2)MS 2,4-D 4mg／L为较理想的愈伤组织诱导培养基,在此培养基上,茎、叶片、叶柄的诱导率分别是：100％、40％、20％．     

培养因素对龙牙楤木体细胞胚胎发生的影响

对龙牙楤木Aralia elate(Miq.）Seen幼芽体细胞胚胎发生过程中培养基的种类、2,4-D、BA、蔗糖浓度及活性碳等五个培养因素的影响进行了比较研究,结果表明,诱导体细胞胚胎发生的适宜基本培养基为MS培养基;蔗糖浓度从2％提高到3％诱导率逐渐下降;当2,4-D／BA比值低时,有利于体细胞胚胎发生频率的提高,但不利于胚状体的产生;当该比值高时,必须添加活性碳才有利于提高体细胞胚胎发生的数量和质量。     

正交设计在毛白杨组织培养中的应用

用正交设计法考察了4种激素对毛白杨叶片诱导愈伤组织的影响.结果显示,2,4 D,NAA作用显著,IAA,6 BA作用不显著.它们作用大小依次为:2,4 D>NAA>6 BA>IAA.诱导毛白杨愈伤组织产生的最佳激素配比为:MS+2,4 D1mg/L+6 BA1.5mg/L+IAA0.5mg/L.     

Advances in tissue engineering

Tissue engineering is a newly developed specialty involved in the construction of tissues and organs either in vitro or in vivo. Tremendous progress has been achieved over the past decade in tisse construction as well as in other related areas, such as bone marrow stromal cells, embryonic stem cells and tissue progenitor cells. In our laboratory, tissues of full-thickness skin, bone, cartilage and tendon have been successfully engineered, and the engineered tissues have repaired full-thickness skin wound, cranial bone defects, articular cartilage defects and tendon defects in animals. In basic research areas, bone marrow stromal cells have been induced and transformed into osteoblasts and chondrocytes in vitro. Mouse embryo stem cell lines we established have differentiated into neuron precursor, cardiac muscle cells and epithelial cells. Genetic modifications of seed cells for promoting cell proliferation, delaying cell aging and inducing immune tolerance have also been investigated.     

Grape vine physiology: the contribution of culture in vitro

Conclusion In the area of cell and tissue physiology, the grape vine has been a major reference material. As with all woody perennials, in vitro technologies are relatively delicate. Nevertheless, remarkable progress has produced a situation where, during the past ten years, practical application of results from in vitro work has been envisaged. Reciprocal understanding has yet to be established between scientists developing micropropagation (multiplication with conformity to type) and those using in vitro methods for variety improvement (multiplication for novelty of type). I am convinced that the future should not see one of these objectives dominating the other. On the contrary, certain technologies should be developed to ensure a framework for conformity of propagation and others to obtain greater variability with the goal of plant improvement. This will render effective the two applications considered.