浮萍生物富集洛克沙胂与阿散酸的动力学特性研究

通过静态法和半静态法研究了浮萍Lemna minor生物富集0.1、0.5、1.0、2.0 mg.L-1洛克沙胂、阿散酸(以砷计)的动力学过程。静态法的研究结果表明:大约55 d,浮萍生物富集各个质量浓度的洛克沙胂、阿散酸均基本达到平衡;0.1、0.5、1.0、2.0 mg.L-1洛克沙胂的生物富集系数(BCF)分别为:3 116.7、1 308.0、548.4、355.0;0.1、0.5、1.0、2.0 mg.L-1阿散酸的BCF分别为:690.0、341.1、255.9、179.8;而且浮萍对各个质量浓度的洛克沙胂、阿散酸的BCF随水体浓度升高而减小。半静态法研究结果表明:浮萍对洛克沙胂、阿散酸的生物富集系数(BCF)、吸收速率常数(K1)随水体质量浓度的增大而减小;同等质量浓度的洛克沙胂的吸收速率常数(K1)大于阿散酸。     

The c-myc coding DNA sequences of cyprinids （Teleostei： Cypriniformes）： Implications for phylogeny

The family Cyprinidae is one of the largest fish families in the world, which is widely distributed in East Asian, with obvious difference in characteristic size among species. The phylogeneUc analysis of cyprinid taxa based on the functionally important genes can help to understand the speciation and functional divergence of the Cyprinidae. The c-myc gene is an important gene regulating individual growth. In the present study, the sequence variations of the cyprinid c-myc gene and their phylogenetic significance were analyzed. The 41 complete sequences of the c-myc gene were obtained from cyprinids and outgroups through PCR amplification and clone. The coding DNA sequences of the c-myc gene were used to infer molecular phylogenetic relationships within the Cyprinidae. Myxocyprinus asiaticus （Catostomidae）, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus （CobiUdae） and Hemimyzon sinensis （Homalopteridae） were assigned to the outgroup taxa. Phylogenetic analyses using maximum parsimony （MP）, maximum likelihood （ML）, and Bayesian retrieved similar topology. Within the Cyprinidae, Leuciscini and Barbini formed the monophyletic lineage respectively with high nodal supports. Leuciscini comprises Xenocyprinae, CuItrinae, East Asian species of Leuciscinae and Danioninae, Gobioninae and Acheilognathinae, and Barbini contains Schizothoracinae, Barbinae, Cyprininae and Labeoninae. Danio rerio, D. myersi and Rasbora trilineata were supposed to separate from Leuciscinae and Barbini and to form another lineage. The positions of some Danioninae species were still unresolved. Analyses of both amino acid variation with parsimony information and two high variation regions indicated that there is no correlation between variations of single amino acid or high variation regions and characteristic size of cyprinids. In addition, the species with smaller size were usually found to be basal within clades in the tree, which might be the results of the adaptation to the primitive ecology and survival pressure.     

Carathéodory系统解的存在性

将Carathéodory系统转化为Kurzweil广义常微分方程,利用已知的Kurzweil广义常微分方程解的存在性理论讨论了Carathéodory系统解的存在性.     

垃圾焚烧发电厂飞灰浸出毒性的研究

探讨了液固比、初始pH值及浸出时间对飞灰中重金属Pb、Cr、Cd、Ni、Cu、Mn、Hg、As的浸出影响.结果表明:各重金属的浸出量都随着液固比增加而增加,其中Ni、Cu、Mn、Cd的浸出量在液固比大于25后变化较平缓,As在液固比大于60后浸出量有所降低;重金属在浸取液的pH≤1.95时的浸出浓度远远大于其在浸取液的pH≥6.13时的浸出浓度;随着浸出时间的增加,Hg的浸出浓度先下降后上升,Cr的是先上升,30h后变化不大;Cd、Cu、Pb、Ni、Mn浸出时间在2h-6h后浸出浓度迅速减小,As则快速增加,而后都变化不大;在液固比、初始pH值及浸出时间三个影响因素中,pH值对重金属的浸出影响较大,重金属在酸性环境下较易浸出,但Pb在碱性情况下也易于浸出.     

Lagrange插值算子于Wiener空间下的平均误差

得到了以第二类Tchebycheff多项式的零点为插值结点组的Lagrange插值多项式在Wiener空间下的平均误差的弱渐近阶.     

多氯联苯醚(PCDEs)的QSPR研究

以类原子的形式处理多氯联苯醚苯环上的基团(CH和CCl),构建分子的距离矩阵,以分子基团的均衡电负性对原子进行着色建立行矩阵,结合分子的距离矩阵和行矩阵,同时考查分子的相互间的作用情况,建立分子的结构参数——拓扑距离电负性指数.通过计算化合物的拓扑距离电负性指数(TDEI),以107种PCDEs理化性质的实验值为建模样本,建立了PCDEs的定量结构/性质相关(QSPR)模型,相关性良好.最后对107种PCDEs的三个理化性质进行了预测.     

一点红提取物抑菌活性研究

采用滤纸片法测定了一点红乙醇提取物对各种供试菌种的抑菌圈直径,同时就一点红提取物浓度以及加热处理对一点红提取物抑菌效果的影响进行了初步研究.结果表明:一点红乙醇提取物对G~-和G~-细菌有较强的抑制作用,而对霉菌抑菌效果不明显一点红提取物抑菌作用因菌种不同而最低抑菌质量浓度有所不同,大肠杆菌为0.05g·ml~(-1)、金黄色葡萄球菌为0.0625g·ml~(-1)、枯草芽孢杆菌为0.125g·ml~(-4),其抑菌圈直径分别为:大肠杆菌12.1mm、金黄色葡萄球菌15.3mm、枯草芽孢杆菌14.9mm,表明对常见细菌有较好的抑制作用,其在7h时抑菌效果最好.而对于真菌,黑根霉和米曲霉的最佳抑菌质量浓度分别为0.125g·ml~(-1)和0.05g·ml~(-1).在111℃湿热条件下20min后一点红提取物抑菌效果基本不变,说明一点红提取物具有良好的热稳定性.     

Seasonal variation of global stratosphere-troposphere mass exchange

By Wei formula in pressure coordinate, the stratosphere-troposphere mass exchange (STME) is diagnosed globally for 44 years from 1958 to 2001 using the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis datasets. Regions of mass flux into the stratosphere are found over Indonesia, bay of Bangladesh and the mid-west coast of South Africa. Compensating mass outflow from the stratosphere appears mainly over mid-latitudes near large-scale troughs. Upward and downward transport of mass at the middle and high latitudes accompany with each other. Mass flux into troposphere is stronger in autumn and winter than in spring and summer. Strong downward mass flux into the troposphere occurs in eastern Asia the whole year with nearly stable sites. Although the area of eastern Asia accounts for only 5.6% of that of the northern hemisphere (NH), its net mass exchange reaches 15.83% of that of the NH, which means that research on STME of eastern Asia is greatly important to that of the NH and even the global areas. Air across the tropopause enters more from stratosphere to troposphere than that from troposphere to stratosphere, which is possibly related with systematic bias of the assimilated datasets and with persistent rise of the tropopause height. Contributions of the mass exchange and the mass flux exchange in the NH and southern hemisphere (SH) on their latitudes increase from equator to pole, with larger contributions in the NH. Mass exchange and mass flux exchange per areas at high latitudes are larger than that at low latitudes, which means greater mass exchange efficiency at high latitudes.     

超声波提取扁蓄总黄酮及测定

目的:从扁蓄中提取总黄酮并测定其含量.方法:选择乙醇为溶剂,用超声波技术从扁蓄中提取黄酮类物质,并对所提取的黄酮类物质进行验证,用分光光度法测定含量.结果:测得样品中总黄酮的平均含量为1.88%,平均回收率为100.95%.结论:运用超声波法从扁蓄中可以提取出黄酮类物质,加快提取速度,提高提取效率.