月球探测的进展与我国月球探测的科学目标

在简述月球探测的历程与趋势的基础上,强调当代月球探测的总体目标为：(1)研究月球与地月系的起源和演化,特别是月球大气层与磁场的消失,矿物与岩石的分布和形成环境、月壤和内部层圈结构的形成以及月球演化的历程;(2)探测月球的资源、能源和特殊环境的开发利用及对人类社会长期可持续发展的支撑。我国不载人月球探测划分为绕、落及回三个阶段。为了全球性、整体性重新认识月球,绕月卫星探测的科学目标为获取全月面三维影像,探测14种有用元素的全球分布与丰度,探测月壤厚度并估算^3He资源量以及太阳活动对空间环境的影响。“落”为月球探测器软着陆就位探测和月球车巡视探测,建立月基光学、低频射电和极紫外天文观测平台。“回”为月球探测器软着陆就位探测和取样返回地面。     

Involvement of nitric oxide in the signal transduction of salicylic acid regulating stomatal movement

The effects and the relationship between sali-cylic acid(SA)and nitric oxide(NO) on Vicia faba L.stomatal movement were studied.The results here showed that exogenous SA and NO induced stomatal closure,100μmol/L SA induced a rapid and striking NO increase in the cytosol of guard cells.This phenomenon was largely prevented by 2000μmol/L 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-l-oxyl-3-oxide(PTIO),a specific NO scavenger,and 25μmol/L N^G-nitro-L-Arg-methyl eater (L-NAME),an inhibitor of NO synthase(NOS) in mammalian cells that also inhibits plant NOS.In addition,SA-induced stomatal closure was largely prevented by PTIO and L-NAME.These results provide evidence that guard cells generate NO in response to SA via NOS-like activity,and that such NO production is required for full stomatal closure in response to SA.H-(1,2,4)-oxadiazole-[4,3-α]quinoxalin-l-one(ODQ),an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase,and nicotinamide,an antagonist of cADPR production,inhibited the effects of SA-and NO-induced stomatal closure.It suggests that both cGMP and cADPR might mediate the signal transduction of SA and NO-induced stomatal closure.     

Observation of contrast variations of a copper (Ⅱ) complex by scanning tunneling microscopy

This report presents experimental observations of dramatic variations in STM images of bis [1,3-DI(p-n-tetradecyloxyphenyl)propane-1,3-dionato]copper( Ⅱ） (abbreviated to C14O-Cu)physisorbed on HOPG as the bias voltage is changed .Several representative image patterns were obtained for the rich changes of the internal contrast of the molecule .Submolecular features of the molecular cores and the interdigitated alkyl parts are clearly visible.     

Cloning and expressional analyses of a cinnamoyl CoA reductase cDNA from rice seedlings

Cinnamoyl CoA reductase (CCR: EC 1.2.1.44),the entry-point enzyme of the llgnin specific biosynthetic pathway, catalyzes the conversion of cinnamoyl CoA esters to their corresponding dnnamaldehydes. Multiple sequence alignment showed that the deduced polypeptide shared 70% similarity and 30% sequence identity at the amino acid level with defined CCR genes from other plant species and they all contain the common signature sequences thought to be the catalytic site as well as the putative NADP binding domain.Using a conserved OsCCR cDNA fragment as the probe for library screening, we isolated the genomic DNA that covered the whole coding region of OsCCR with total length of 3045bp including 4 introns and 5 exons. The open reading frame for our OsCCR gene coBtAin~ 337 amino adds. Northern blot indicated that OsCCR was expressed in different organs with the highest level found in stems. In situ hybridization results showed that OsCCR mRNA was localized mainly along the vascular bundles in stems and leaves, and also in lateral roots that was differentiating from the tiilering node. We conclude that the vascular-localized expression of OsCCR gene may suggest its possible involvement in llgnin biosynthesis. Cloning and characterization of OsCCR will help to clarify how llgniflcations in plants are regulated and will provide a physical basis for creating genetically engineered rice plants with optimal lignin contents.     

水稻花培育种技术操作和无性系变异体选择

概述了水稻花培育种的技术操作程序和细胞无性系变异的选择方法。选择合适的水稻花培起始材料,选用适宜的培养基配方,对于水稻花培中愈伤组织诱导和分化至关重要。某些增效因子（例如水解乳蛋白、单核苷酸、ＡｇＮＯ３等）可提高灿稻花培的绿苗分化率。无性系变异为农作物细胞工程育种提供丰富的选择材料。通过对细胞变异的研究,建立了裸米选择－测米培胚的技术方法,并选育出多个高蛋白量的水稻优质品种（品系）。     

L波段FH频率合成器的设计与实现

设计具有快速频率捷变与低相位噪声性能的Ｌ波段ＦＨ频率合成器,利用ＤＡＣ电路对ＶＣＯ控制电压进行快速预置,大大缩短了频率捷变时间,优选环路分频比Ｎ值和参考分频比Ｒ值,使输出频率与Ｎ值呈非线性关系,即采用非等间隔频方式,有效降低了因环路分频分Ｎ过大的输出相位噪声,当参考源使用普通晶体时,测量结构表明：频率捷变时间〈１０μｓ,输出单边带相位噪声谱密度约为－７０ｄＢ／Ｈｚ（偏离载频１ｋＨｚ）。     

嫦娥一号的奔月日记

北京时间2007年10月24日18时05分，长征三号甲火箭托举着我国第一颗月球探测卫星——嫦娥一号在西昌卫星发射中心，从三号甲塔架点火发射。11月5日上午11时，嫦娥一号顺利被月球“捕获”成为一颗绕月卫星。在经过三次近月制动后，嫦娥一号进入开展科学探测的工程轨道，随后将进行为期一年的对越科学探测。这是探月三部曲的第一步，也是中国空间探测历史上的新的里程碑。本文介绍了嫦娥一号从发射到2007年11月26日的每一次重要事件。     

6种凤仙花属(Impatiens L.)植物叶表皮特征的微形态学研究

应用扫描电子显微镜技术首次研究了6种凤仙花属(Impatiens L.)植物的叶表皮微形态学特征,结果表明:6种凤仙花属植物叶片上表皮纹饰为网状、不规则细波状或曲叉状,其中曲叉状纹饰为一种较特殊的纹饰特征;气孔仅分布在叶片的下表面,呈不规则排列,形状为椭圆形或宽椭圆形,长度在10.5-25.6μm之间,气孔外拱盖内缘平滑或近平滑,多数种类气孔的保卫细胞两极具“T”型加厚.叶表面纹饰,气孔的形状、大小及气孔保卫细胞两极“T”型加厚等特征在种间具有一定的差异,可作为该属植物分类的重要特征之一.文中还探讨了叶表皮微形态学特征在凤仙花属分类中的意义及有关紫花黄金凤的分类学地位问题.     

推广的Dirichlet L-函数的加权均值公式

利用Gauss和的定义、三角和估计、特征和的性质及其解析方法讨论了Dirichiet L-函数的2k次加权均值分布问题，得到一个有趣的加权均值分布公式。     

芦荟超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的分离纯化研究

采用硫酸铵分级沉淀、Sephadex G-100凝胶层析和DEAE-52柱层析,分离纯化了芦荟(A.vera L.)超氧化物歧化酶,纯化倍数为56倍,回收率为54%,比活力为643(U/mgpro),酶的最适pH值为8.2,最适温度在40~55℃,KCN和H2O2能抑制酶活性。实验表明:芦荟中的SOD属Cu、Zn-SOD。