湛江市野生线柱兰开花物候观测

线柱兰是华南地区常见野生地生兰,生长在公园、学校、小区等地的草坪中,目前尚未应用于城市园林绿化。本研究以广东海洋大学寸金学院为研究地点,对线柱兰的开花物候进行观测记录分析,为园林应用评估提供论据。结果表明:线柱兰花芽于12月开始形成,花期为次年1月中旬至4月下旬,其中2月、3月为盛花期,单朵花寿命5~7 d;总状花序螺旋着花5~15朵不等,花由下而上依次开放。线柱兰茎直立,叶色深绿,小花量多而密,花型秀美,花色素雅,花期集中,具备开发应用潜力。     

Ti微合金化汽车大梁钢510L动态再结晶行为

采用单道次压缩实验和阶梯试样热轧-淬火实验研究了低成本的Ti微合金化汽车大梁钢510L的动态再结晶行为.结果表明,应变速率为0.1s^-1时,变形温度为850~1050℃时均发生动态再结晶,应变速率为0.2s^-1时,只有在变形温度高于950℃时发生动态再结晶.变形温度的升高和变形量的增大会逐渐细化奥氏体晶粒,并使再结晶体积分数趋于增大.回归得到实验钢的动态再结晶激活能仅为211.43kJ/mol,说明Ti的添加几乎没有抑制高温奥氏体的动态再结晶,并建立了动态再结晶临界应变模型和动力学模型.     

无穷级数新的积分判别法

利用有界变差函数的性质,建立了比Cauchy积分判别法更广泛的新的积分判别法;利用实分析中的Lebesgue逐项积分定理,推广了文献[7]中一个数项级数收敛性判别法.     

变拓扑机构可变运动副设计目录研究

可变运动副作为变拓扑机构改变拓扑结构的关键所在,其结构设计是变拓扑机构构型综合的难点.基于可变运动副拓扑变化方式的研究,构建可变运动副设计目录,用于可变运动副的结构设计.分别针对可变运动副的改变轴线方位、改变数目和改变类型等三类拓扑变化过程,分析可变运动副的约束变化特征,并采用运动副约束函数的算术运算进行描述.在归纳设计可变运动副结构形式的基础上,对可变运动副拓扑变化方式、约束变化特征和对应结构等设计信息进行分类和汇编,构建可变运动副设计目录.应用实例表明,采用可变运动副设计目录,能快速有效地设计可变运动副结构,为含可变运动副的变拓扑机构构型综合提供了方便.     

Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: Nymphalidae subfamilies Libytheinae,Danainae, Satyrinae and Charaxinae

This paper, which presents an annotated checklist of the ‘lower Nymphalidae’ (Libytheinae, Danainae, Satyrinae, Charaxinae), is the fourth in a series on the butterfly fauna of Mount Kilimanjaro. Four genera of lower Nymphalidae (Danaus, Amauris, Bicyclus, Charaxes), with a total of 11 included species, are known or believed to occur within the main forest zone, from c. 1800 to 2800 m. Of these, only three species of Charaxes (Charaxes berkeleyi, Charaxes ansorgei, Charaxes xiphares) may be restricted locally to this primary forest. The lower slopes fauna, below 1800 m, is considerably richer, with a total of 11 genera and 41 species listed (8 species of which extend into the forest zone). Possible additional species, dubious earlier records, problems with African subspecies of Danaus chrysippus, a need for more work on certain Satyrinae, and classification of the genus Charaxes are discussed. An identification key to the subfamilies of Nymphalidae, and the 19 genera of Libytheinae, Danainae, Satyrinae, Charaxinae that occur in Tanzania, together with a key to the adults of all the species of these four subfamilies considered to occur or have occurred on Kilimanjaro, with 206 colour images, are included as online Supplementary Information.     

和而不同:英语中的中国因素

中国从19世纪初到现在接触和使用英语已有近两百年的历史,由于中西文化的相互影响和渗透,许多汉语的词汇逐渐进入英语,成为英语的一部分。中国英语以英国英语为核心,但有着鲜明的中国特色。本文拟从语言变异:中国因素的融入根源、顺应理论:验证中国因素的表现特色、英语全球化、本土化:引导中国因素的发展趋势三个方面阐释英语中的中国因素。     

Reproductive ecology of the glass frog Espadarana prosoblepon (Anura: Centrolenidae) in an urban forest of the Central Andes of Colombia

Population and reproductive behaviour aspects of the glass frog Espadarana prosoblepon are well known for populations from Central America, but similar information is lacking for populations from South America. We recorded the reproductive ecology of a population of the glass frog E. prosoblepon in the city of Armenia, Central Andes of Colombia. With weekly surveys with mark-recapture between December 2013 and November 2015, we monitored activity patterns and evaluated if the probability of males mating is associated to their body size or to chorus tenure (i.e. the number of nights a same individual is calling for attracting a mate). In addition, upon observing an amplexus, we recorded the behaviour of the individuals until oviposition and noted characteristics of egg clutch. We recorded 47 males and 32 females, nine amplexus events, eight ovipositions, and 21 egg clutches (35.4 ± 4.79 eggs per clutch, N = 29). Activity of males and females and the number of egg clutches were positively correlated to rainfall. Mating success of males was not associated to their body size, but it was positively associated to longer chorus tenure; clutches from large females had a higher number of eggs than clutches from small females. Oviposition occurred on average 3.76 ± 1.74 hours after we first observed the amplexus, occurring 93.1% of the time in fronds of Selaginella geniculata at an average height of 1.58 ± 0.44 m. After the oviposition, the male left the site, while the female remained between 30 and 45 min, partially covering the eggs. The reproductive behaviour of E. prosoblepon did not vary widely between a population in Costa Rica and our population in time to oviposition, and mating success of males associated to chorus tenure; however, in our study population we recorded a larger clutch size and the preference for S. geniculata fronds as oviposition substrate.     

Diet comparison between rainforest and cave populations of Craugastor alfredi (Anura: Craugastoridae): does diet vary in contrasting habitats?

Information about interpopulational variation of diet is important for thoroughly understanding the ecological niche of a species, the possible attributes that have allowed it to live in different habitats and ecosystems (if it is the case) and the degree of dietary specialization. This study compared dietary composition and diversity, size of prey consumed and feeding intensity between two geographically proximate populations of Craugastor alfredi, inhabiting contrasting habitats: one located in a remnant tropical rainforest and the other population located within a cave entrance, in eastern Mexico. A total of 118 frogs (50 from rainforest and 68 from cave) were stomach-flushed and, from those, 86 had at least one prey item (42 from rainforest and 44 from cave). Consumption proportions of orthopterans differed between habitats, with frogs from the cave having higher importance values of this prey than frogs from the rainforest. Additionally, both dietary diversity and feeding intensity were higher in the rainforest population. It was concluded that the generalized diet of C. alfredi, besides the high consumption of orthopterans by the cave population, may have contributed to its success in cave entrances. Nonetheless, other non-feeding attributes like small body size, direct development and semiarboreality may also facilitate the use of rock crevices in caves for foraging and reproduction.     

Yugoslavian and other records of the Italian freshwater goby,Padogobius martensii,and a character polarization in gobioid fishes

Padogobius martensii, a freshwater gobiid fish from the Po basin and adjoining rivers of northeastern Italy, is now recorded from Yugoslavia (Dalmatia), and further rivers of the Italian Adriatic seaboard. Diagnostic features are summarized, with special reference to another freshwater goby of the area, Orsinigobius punctatissimus. The origin of the Dalmatian populations is discussed with reference to sea-level changes in the postglacial Adriatic basin. Meristic polymorphism in dorsal pterygiophore sequence is described in the various P. martensii populations and its significance noted for polarization of character states in this feature.