Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: introduction and family Papilionidae

This article marks the beginning of a short series on the butterfly fauna of Mount Kilimanjaro. It commences with a brief overview of the topography, tectonic history, climate, ecological zonation and conservation significance of Africa's highest mountain. Following an introductory account to the butterfly fauna, the rest of this paper presents an annotated checklist of the swallowtails (Papilionidae). Eight papilionid species are currently believed to occur within the main forest zone, from 1800 to 2800 m (in places this zone extends down to c.1600 m). Another 10 have been recorded from the lower slopes, which include some disturbed forest and forest relicts, from 700–1800 m. The need for better data is discussed in light of the suggestion that the butterflies of Mount Kilimanjaro could become a focal group for monitoring effects of climate change. An identification key to families, together with a key to the swallowtail species and colour illustrations of adults, are included as online Supplementary Information.     

The atyid shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) rostrum: phylogeny versus adaptation,taxonomy versus trophic ecology

Cave shrimps of the subgenus Troglocaris (Atyidae), exhibit high variability in rostral length and dentition. In shrimp populations that co-occur with the amphibian predator Proteus anguinus, longer rostra armed with more numerous teeth are recorded. These shrimps are also larger than those living in a presumably Proteus-free environment. Discrepancies between molecularly established phylogenetic relationships and distributions of rostral length, as well as body size, directed our search towards possible environmental influences. These discrepancies suggest that rostral shape is not a reliable taxonomic character in some generic and many specific diagnoses in Atyidae. We discuss some taxonomic consequences of sexual and ontogenetic rostral differences with regard to the molecular phylogenetic tree. In preliminary laboratory observations, no frontal attack by Proteus was successful on shrimps with long rostra. Proteus also needed more time to swallow shrimps with long rostra.     

等效性/非劣性检验在方法学研究中的应用尝试

在方法学研究和比较试验中引入等效性/非劣性判定检验,介绍此类试验样本数的估算、判定界值的确定及进行非劣性判定的假设检验理论和实际过程,并举例进行计量数据方法的非劣性判定.     

粉煤灰性能与其最优掺量的灰色关联分析

为研究粉煤灰品质对混凝土开裂性能的影响,利用改进的平板法分析粉煤灰的品质和掺量对混凝土的开裂性能的影响.同时,采用灰色关联分析方法研究粉煤灰粒径分布与化学成分对其最优掺量的影响.研究结果表明:粒径小于20.4μm的粉煤灰颗粒与其最优掺量是正关联;适当提高粉煤灰中MgO,K2O,CaO与SO3的质量分数和降低烧失量可以提高其最优掺量.     

大熊猫体型变化及兴衰分析

利用收集到的47号现生大熊猫头骨标本与古代化石标本禄丰祖熊猫，小型大熊猫，大熊猫武陵山亚种和大熊猫巴氏亚种进行比较，表明大熊猫的体型变化是由小→大→小，并分析了体型变化的原因，从内外因素的相互作用方面剖析了大熊猫目前的处境及濒危原因，提出了延缓哀亡进程的措施。     

砂轮粒度及其修整影响GCr15钢磨削表面质量的研究

本文探讨了砂轮粒度及其修整对滚动轴承钢Gcr15磨削表面质量的影响。采用不同粒度、不同修整导程的砂轮分别在外圆磨床上进行切入式横磨,对磨削力、磨削温度、工件表层显微硬度及其表面粗糙度等影响均作了试验研究。结果表明,合理选择砂轮粒度与修整导程是提高滚动轴承钢磨削表面质量的重要途径之一。     

PET纤维结晶度和晶粒大小的研究

大角X射线衍射法估算纤维的结晶度和晶粒表现尺寸时,一般采用的方法是把归一化的衍射强度曲线分解为一个以多项式表示的非晶部分散射曲线及几个以高斯函数和柯西函数组合起来表示的结晶峰;分峰之后,试样的结晶度一般用峰面积结晶度即解析峰下面经归一化的散射对未经解析而归一化的曲线下的总散射的面积比率求得.结晶表现尺寸从相应的结晶峰半高宽求得.但上述的分峰方法得不到分峰结果的唯一解.本研究工作采纳前人提出的PET结晶样品X射线衍射强度曲线所包含的非晶部分曲线的一系列理论和经验的假设,作为物理制约条件,进而与数学上的满足条件相结合,在进行分峰时,可以解出数学上符合δ<3%的精度、物理意义上符合客观存在的解.并通过对PET纤维的研究,对上述方法作了证实.     

稀土族Pm和Tm两元素固溶度的抛物线法预测

本文利用张邦维等提出的键参数函数和尺寸因素方法对稀土族Ｐｍ，Ｔｍ两元素基上的室温下固溶度作抛物线法预测，对２３个过渡族基，１８个简单元素基，１３个稀土族元素基和３个锕系元素基的研究所得结果与实验测定数据很好地符合，因此，预测结果是可信的。     

小直径管缝式锚杆受力分析及试验研究

阐述了小直径管缝式锚杆的结构和工作原理，建立了锚杆的力学模型，并对锚杆进行受力分析，提出了锚杆的锚固力与锚杆管径成反比的理论，并通过现场试验数据证明了小直径锚杆的锚固力大于同材质制成的大直径锚杆的锚固力，小直径锚杆比大直径锚杆节约钢材，建议工业生产中推广使用小直径管缝式锚杆。