低碳Cr-Mn-Si-Mo空冷贝氏体钢力学性能的研究

以A3钢、硅铁、锰铁、铬铁及钼铁为原料,冶炼成无缺口的冲击试样.试样经过奥氏体化后空冷处理,分别测试了铸态及空冷处理后试样的洛氏硬度、冲击韧性,并在Olympus和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）下观察了其组织形态与断口.试验结果表明,试样经920℃奥氏体化后空冷得到较好的硬度与冲击韧性的匹配,硬度为HRC31.0,冲击韧性为200.775J/cm^2,金相组织以粒状贝氏体为主,含有少量的残余奥氏体.     

The Application of Similarity Theory in Designing Large Deflection Buckling Spring-Piece

Large Deflection Buckling Spring-Piece (LDBSP) refers to the deformation of an end-fixed flat spring-piece under normal loadings. Plastic deformation usually appears in LDBSP.The static characteristic curve is very particular, because within its linear deflection region, the spring constant can be designed to be any value from minus to plus. With its obvious advantages of large liner deflection range, low spring constant, etc., the LDBSP has now been extensively applied to the exciting device, low-frequency shock absorbers and so on. The static characteristic curve of LDBSP belongs to the nonlinear problem of an arch with varying section. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain it theoretically. The formulae for designing LDBSP have not been set up yet. In this study,the authors apply similarity theory to analyze the liner deflection range A and the spring constant K, and derive the relationship of similarity criterion, finally obtain a set of formulae for designing LDBSP by model test and the least square method, which can be applied in engineering design.Through the research, it is proved that it is unnecessary to keep geometrical similarity of spring-piece shape. This fact extends the application scope of the formulae. The proposed formulae for designing LDBSP thereby can be applied for any dimensions within the range allowed.     

A Theoretical Approach for Estimating Fracture Toughness of Ductile Metals

Fracture toughness is very important when applying Damage Tolerance Design and Assessment Techniques. The traditional testing approach for obtaining fracture toughness values is costly and time consuming. In order to estimate the fracture toughness of ductile metals, the fracture mechanics theory, materials plastic deformation theory and materials constructive relationships are employed here. A series of formulae and a theoretical approach are presented to calculate fracture toughness values of different materials in the plane stress and plane strain conditions. Compared with test results, evaluated values have a good agreement.     

一种新的预测PID控制器

提出了一种新的预测PID控制器 ,通过将广义预测控制的控制律写成PID的形式 ,使PID控制器具有预测的功能。同时 ,在广义预测控制的性能指标中引入稳态误差加权项 ,用较小的预测时域和稳态条件代替较大的预测时域 ,从而减小了在线计算量。在连续搅拌反应釜 (CSTR)上进行的仿真试验验证了该技术的可行性 ,新控制器的控制性能优于普通的预测PID控制器。     

左截断右删失数据下尺度参数与协变量相关时广义指数分布的估计及应用

在左截断右删失数据类型下,当时间变量T服从广义指数分布时,针对尺度参数是否受协变量影响建立两种模型,并用极大似然估计法给出参数估计,用Newton-Raphson算法求解参数估计.将两种模型分别应用到变压器寿命数据集和Channing house数据集中,得到了其生存函数和风险函数.     

广义多尺度决策系统的局部最优粒度选择

在实际应用中,人们常常选择比较合适的粒度层次来解决相应的问题。在经典的多尺度决策系统和粒度层次构造过程中,属性取值常由人工选择某些固定粒度层次。本文针对广义多尺度决策系统,由属性取值的尺度组合来构造粒度层次,进而研究局部最优粒度的选择问题。首先,介绍了广义多尺度决策系统的概念。然后,在协调的广义多尺度决策系统中定义了最优粒度和局部最优粒度,并给出了基于属性组合的最优粒度与局部最优粒度的选择算法。最后,在不协调的广义多尺度决策系统中引入了广义决策,定义了广义决策最优粒度和广义决策局部最优粒度,并给出了基于广义决策最优粒度与广义决策局部最优粒度选择算法。     

炸药材料特性对整体式MEFP成形的影响

为提高整体式多爆炸成形弹丸（MEFP）毁伤能力,采用LS-DYNA数值仿真软件对不同炸药材料下整体式MEFP成形过程进行了仿真研究,并对采用B炸药的战斗部进行了地面静爆验证试验,试验结果和仿真结果吻合较好.研究表明随着炸药材料密度、爆速和爆压的增加,中心弹丸速度和长径比都得到大幅提高,中心弹丸侵彻能力增强;周边弹丸外形则由球形逐渐向长杆形发展,弹丸气动性减弱.炸药材料参数与毁伤元成形参数间呈抛物线变化规律,故可根据具体目标选择合适的炸药材料,以提高对目标的毁伤概率.     

基于RS和广义目标函数法的清水沟地质灾害承灾体易损性评价

选取白龙流域内具有代表性的清水沟小流域,以清水沟承灾体个体为评价单元,基于遥感数据和广义目标函数方法,引入地质灾害直接威胁概率指标,构建了小流域地质灾害易损性评价指标体系和评价方法,开展了清水沟大比例尺易损性评价.结果显示:清水沟小流域易损性为0～0.105的低易损性承灾体面积占全流域面积的88.4%,0.106～0.251的中易损性承灾体面积占10.2%,0.252～0.812的高易损性承灾体面积仅占1.4%.从空间分布上看,低易损性承灾体主要分布在中上游,以草地、林地和耕地为主,高易损性承灾体主要分布在下游,特别是沟口冲积扇上的居民区,以房屋、公路、桥梁为主.流域内滑坡体对于其下方的沟道以及下游的居民区有较大威胁,导致这些区域的易损性显著增加.应当做好对滑坡体的防护措施,并对下游的居民区进行重点保护.     

时间分数阶Sharma-Tasso-Olver方程和Zakharov方程组的新精确解

利用推广的Kudryashov方法, 借助分数阶行波变换和一致分数阶导数, 给出非线性广义时间分数阶Sharma Tasso Olver方程和Zakharov方程组的若干双曲函数形式的精确解.     

Exhauster广义凸函数及其在非光滑规划中的应用

利用次微分Exhauster定义一类新的广义凸函数,包括上Exhauster凸和下Exhauster凸,并利用函数的这种广义凸性,对无约束非光滑极小值和极大值问题,证明了在上Exhauster凸和下Exhauster凸性条件下最优性必要条件的充分性.