原核生物pPLacZ报道分子系统的构建及鉴定

构建可以鉴定原核基因启动子和检测基因转录活性的报道分子系统pPLacZ。用PCR方法从野生型大肠杆菌基因组DNA中扩增lacZ基因的全基因序列（3258bp）和结构基因序列（3089bp）克隆人经改建的含有pUCl9的多克隆位点的pBR322载体中．经酶切和测序鉴定正确的两个质粒分别命名为pPLacZ—Control和pPLacZ—Basic。用PCR从野生型大肠杆菌基因组DNA中扩增热休克基因htpX的启动子序列并克隆JkpPLacZ—Basicq中。经酶切测序鉴定正确的报道载体pPLacZ—htpX转入细菌中,检测高温应激时β-半乳糖苷酶活性水平。成功构建了原核生物报道分子系统pPLacZ以及检测基NhtpX的报道质粒pPLacZ—htpX。应用此系统通过检测IJacZ的比活性成功测定了大肠杆菌htpX基因高温应激时其转录活性的动态变化。原核生物质粒报道分子系统pPLacZ操作简便,可替代国际通用的原核噬菌体报道分子系统对原核基因的启动子进行鉴定和转录活性检测。     

Functional aspects of animal microRNAs

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a recently discovered family of small regulatory molecules that function by modulating protein production. There are approximately 500 known mammalian miRNA genes, and each miRNA may regulate hundreds of different protein-coding genes. Mature miRNAs bind to target mRNAs in a protein complex known as the miRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC), sometimes referred to as the miRNP (miRNA-containing ribonucleoprotein particles), where mRNA translation is inhibited or mRNA is degraded. These actions of miRNAs have been shown to regulate several developmental and physiological processes including stem cell differentiation, haematopoiesis, cardiac and skeletal muscle development, neurogenesis, insulin secretion, cholesterol metabolism and the immune response. Furthermore, aberrant expression has been implicated in a number of diseases including cancer and heart disease. The role of miRNAs in these developmental, physiological and pathological processes will be reviewed. Received 3 August 2007; received after revision 3 October 2007; accepted 5 October 2007     

Conserved eukaryotic transposable elements and the evolution of gene regulation

Multiple remnants of transposable elements preserved in cis-regulatory modules may represent a record of mutations that were critical to the evolution of gene regulation and speciation. Received 13 August 2007; received after revision 8 October 2007; accepted 23 October 2007     

基因武器的伦理困境及其防范路径

 基因武器作为一种超大规模的杀伤性武器,在现代战争中可以发挥“奇效”。但基因武器在军事中的存在与应用,将使平民豁免面临困境、使战争手段更不人道、使战争后果难以控制、以及诱发严重的生态灾难等,因而面临诸多的战争伦理困境。有鉴于此,在当前时代背景下,人类作为战争的主体,应守住基因武器禁用于战争的伦理底线,厘清基因技术研发的善恶界限,恪守科学和平主义的价值追求,才能遏制基因武器的研发与运用,进而对现代战争形成有效的伦理约束。     

枯草芽孢杆菌B10木聚糖酶基因的分子生物学

从腐烂苎麻周围土壤中经过初筛和复筛得到具有脱胶能力的枯草芽孢杆菌菌株B10。采用PCR方法对B10的木聚糖酶基因进行克隆．在木聚糖选择平板上用刚果红染色法筛选出阳性克隆,对阳性克隆的重组质粒进行鉴定和测序．结果表明,该木聚糖酶基因全长642个碱基,编码214个氨基酸。与已报道的来自枯草芽孢杆菌木聚糖酶的基因只有2个碱基的差别．该基因在大肠杆菌中表达。过夜培养物中胞外、胞内和胞质间的酶活分布分别为22．7％,28．2％和49．1％．该木聚糖酶的最适作用pH值为6,最适作用温度为50℃。具有较宽pH范围和较好热稳定性。     

泥化弱胶结软岩巷道底板变形破坏机理分析

煤矿软岩巷道极易发生变形破坏,底臌量大是其重要的特征.以新上海一号煤矿副井绕道巷道为工程背景,研究了泥化弱胶结软岩巷道底板的变形破坏机理.从现场选取岩样进行室内实验,研究发现围岩具有强度低、胶结程度差、遇水泥化软化、吸水膨胀等特殊的物理力学性质;结合现场监测数据和数值模拟结果,巷道底板变形速度快、持续时间长、总变形量大且不收敛,是以流变和膨胀为主的非线性大变形;底板破坏与变形增加的趋势一致,塑性区发展速度前期快,后期慢,但范围不断扩大;通过机理分析,巷道底板的变形破坏是在水和构造应力耦合作用下的恶性循环的结果,底臌为流动膨胀复合型,治理的关键是治水和加强支护.以上述理论为指导,对巷道支护方案进行了优化,监测数据显示底板变形破坏得到了有效控制.     

一阶椭圆型方程组解的延拓性质

将一阶椭圆型实方程和椭圆型实方程组转化为椭圆型复方程和椭圆型复方程组,借助于多元复分析的方法,研究了一阶椭圆型方程和椭圆型方程组的解的特征,得到了有关一阶椭圆型方程组解的一系列新的延拓结果．     

Expression of PHGPx in mammalian cells and its antiviral effect against coxsackievirus group B

To express human phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) in eukaryotic cells and to study its antiviral effect against Coxsackievirus B3m (CVB3m) in vitro, PHGPx cDNA was amplified from a human testis library using specific primers and cloned into expression vector pcDNA3. I/His. Expression of PHGPx was performed in COS-1 cells. The antiviral effect was studied by the treatment of HeLa cells with the recombinant PHGPx. Results showed that the activity of PHGPx expressed in COS-1 cells was 5-fold higher than that in control group, and it inhibited the cytopathic effect on HeLa cells caused by CVB3m. It can be concluded that recombinant PHGPx expressed in COS-1 cells has antiviral effect against CVB3m in vitro.     

一种从基因数据库中识别反义snoRNA基因的新方法

报道一种从国际分子生物学数据库中识别反义ｓｎｏＲＮＡ基因的计算机新方法．介绍新方法的生物学原理及在反义ＳｎｏＲＮＡ新基因发现中的应用．     

Investigations into the perplexing interrelationship of the Genus Takifugu Abe, 1949 (Tetraodontiformes, Tetraodontidae)

The phylogenetic relationships within the genus Takifugu Abe, 1949 (Tetraodontiformes, Tetraodonti- dae) remain unresolved. Because of the use of Takifugu as model organisms, the resolution of these relationships is crucial for the interpretation of evolutionary trends in biology. Pufferfishes of this ge- nus are comprised of a comparatively small number of species and are mainly distributed along the coastal region of the western part of the Sea of Japan and the coastline of China. Mitochondrial gene sequences were employed to test the phylogenetic hypotheses within the genus. Seventeen species of the genus were examined. Molecular phylogenetic trees were constructed using the maximum parsi- mony, neighbor-joining, maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. Our hypothesis of internal relationships within the genus differs from previous hypotheses. Our results indicate that (1) the genus Takifugu is a monophyletic assemblage; (2) the genus is divided into 6 subgroups based on the mo- lecular data; and (3) there is low genetic diversity among the species within this genus. In addition, speciation within Takifugu appears to be driven by hybridization and isolation by distribution. Our re- sults also suggested that the taxonomy in the genus should be clarified based on both molecular and morphological data.