HOW ARE PRODUCT-SERVICE COMBINED OFFERS PROVIDED IN GERMANY AND ITALY？ ANALYSIS WITH COMPANY SIZES AND COUNTRIES

A new business concept that offers products and services in a different way of traditional product-sales businesses is getting more attention especially in manufacturing industries. This paper investigates how this new business by means of integration of products and services is achieved in Germany and Italy. In addition, it analyzes the differences according to the company sizes. The results include that this type of business is in many cases motivated by their focus on customers and often consists of physical products and their maintenance. The Italian companies, as opposed to the German ones, often design their physical products specifically for this type of offers. From the analysis based on the size difference, small companies are found to achieve specific design for this type of offers while owning physical products. There do not seem to be any established methods or tools developed to support the development of such offers and within such methods/tools there would be room for more adaptation in form of physical product design.     

浅谈腾讯QQ软件在高校图书馆中的应用

即时通信是互联网基础应用的重要组成部分，腾讯QQ是当前即时通讯领域中应用最为广泛的软件之一。通过对QQ软件的功能分析，针对高校特点，指出高校图书馆各部门要有选择地利用QQ的相关功能。     

睡眠剥夺影响大脑功能区状态的非线性评价

采用近似熵研究睡眠剥夺（sleep deprivation，SD）对脑认知功能的影响，评价SD引起的大脑功能区状态的非线性变化．12名受试者在正常睡眠和一夜SD之后分别接受视觉注意力测试，记录自发脑电和诱发脑电，采用二维插值构建19导脑电近似熵脑信息图（brain information map，BIM）．结果表明，在SD状态下，自发脑电的近似熵在全脑范围内有不同程度的下降，额叶处大脑偏侧性发生变化，复杂度的中心从左脑转移到右脑；前额叶处诱发脑电近似熵值降低，而顶叶和颞叶处则升高．脑电近似熵可以作为指标来评价SD对脑认知功能的负向影响，BIM的变化趋势与从生理学及影像学角度的分析相吻合，与线性方法的研究结论一致，在一定程度上可以反映大脑功能状态，提供一条评价脑功能区状态变化趋势的思路．     

牙鲆贫血症病毒分离株的特性

用CHSE－214细胞，从患贫血症的牙鲆肾脏组织分离出一株病毒。电镜揭示为无囊膜、6面体、粒子直径约60nm；理化特性表明：病毒复制不受IUdR、BVdU的影响，对氯仿、乙醚不敏感性，热（60℃，30min）、酸（pH3．0，3h）中稳定；可被抗IPNV－Sp、Ab和VR－299株血清中和，其中抗Sp株血清的ND50为1:2560;病毒能在5～30℃增殖，最适为15～25℃；在盐度0．8～2．0％的培养液中，生长无明显差别；在16种鲑科和非鲑科鱼类细胞上，15℃培养1～4d出现CPE；感染细胞丫啶橙染色显示为黄绿色；用BirnavirusYAV株引物，PCR检出该病毒。结果提示该病毒株应属dsRNA的Birnavirus。     

服装设计教学中的思维训练

服装设计的思维活动具有形象性、综合性、情感性等特征．教师应根据其特征进行教学．设计思维活动主要孕育在构思过程之中，教师应重视对学生设计过程的指导，结合课程设计，运用“缺点列举法”、“希望列举法”、“自由联想法”等方法训练学生的思维技法．     

我国(竹卋)蛛属两种新记录(蜘蛛目——猫蛛科)

本文记述采自我国四川、云南两省的(竹卋)蛛属的两种猫蛛,在国内属初次发现。     

The Laplace Functional and Moments for Markov Branching Chains in Random Environments

The concepts of random Markov matrix, Markov branching chain in random environment (MBCRE) and Laplace functional of Markov branching chain in random environment (LFMBCRE) are introduced. The properties of LFMBCRE and the explicit formulas of moments of MBCRE are given.     

基于系统整合观的多式联运系统特征分析

经济全球化正在对多式联运的运输服务和多种方式的运输基础设施产生更多的需求。多式联运系统是基于系统整合观和供应链思想以及现代信息技术的多种运输方式的最佳组合，是现代国际物流发展的模式与趋势。多式联运具有自身的特点和独特的系统特征，相对于传统的运输模式来说，是一个革命性的突破，从根本上区别于传统的物质运输模式。