固态发酵酿造糟渣制备菌体蛋白饲料

用木霉、扣囊拟内孢霉和丝孢酵母固态发酵酱油渣、醋糟制备菌体蛋白饲料，培养料配比为酱油渣６０％，醋糟２０％，麦麸１０％，玉米面１０％，无机营养盐适量。经１２１℃，３０ｍｉｎ或１００℃，６０ｍｉｎ灭菌后，以１０％接种等量混合的固体菌种开放培养４２ｈ后，物料收率８２％左右，蛋白含量２４．６％，粗纤维含量２２．３％，每克干料中的生物量为３．５×１０９。     

伊贝母细胞悬浮培养的研究

研究了伊贝母细胞悬浮培养过程中接种量、培养方式和激素浓度对细胞生长的影响；测得细胞生长周期为１９～２４ｄ；分析了培养液的ｐＨ、蔗糖浓度、电导率和Ｄｏ变化的原因。鉴定了悬浮培养细胞中含有生物碱，其总生物碱和西贝素含量均高于栽培鳞茎。     

Early circulating erythroid progenitors (BFU-E) in sickle cell anemia

Sickle cell anemia (SS) patients can be divided into two sub-populations according to peripheral HbF levels. Patients with low (<9%) HbF levels (LFSS) are characterized by an increased number of circulating BFU-E in active DNA synthesis, and release of burst promoting activity (BPA) by unstimulated low density (LD) adherent cells. In contrast, circulating BFU-E from SS patients with high (>9%) HbF levels (HFSS) are normal in number, largely in resting phase, and their LD cells do not release BPA-like activity.More recently further heterogeneity has been found among these two groups. In LFSS patients GM-CSF is constitutively produced by unstimulated monocytes. In contrast, HFSS patients' adherent cell depletion increases cycling of BFU-E in culture. CM from HFSS patients inhibits BFU-E expression in culture. Hence, LD adherent cells from HFSS patients may release an inhibitory factor(s). The nature of this factor has to be determined.In addition, there are distinct subpopulations of BFU-E responsiveness to growth factor (GM-CSF, IL-3): a) LFSS patients have a homogeneous BFU-E population, equally responsive to GM-CSF and IL-3; b) HFSS patients, in addition to this subpopulation, have a subset of BFU-E dependent exclusively on IL-3 which is 20 to 40% of the total number of circulating BFU-E. This is similar to BFU-E from normal individuals. Hence, LFSS BFU-E represent an actively proliferating population, equally responsive to GM-CSF and IL-3, controlled by at least constitutively produced GM-CSF and possibly other factors.These observations suggest a significant modification in BFU-E behavior in the subset of SS patients with low HbF levels and high hemopoietic stress. The heterogenous regulation of BFU-E in SS disease seems to be an epiphenomenon of HbF levels, and not vice-versa.     

固定床反应器流向振荡操作的模拟算法——改进变步长差分法

提出了改进的变步长差分法,用于求解固定床反应器作周期性流向切换操作时的温度分布和浓度分布。该方法能根据分布曲线的形状合理分布网格点,并在曲线迁移时自动调整格点分布,从而使格点数显著减少,计算时间大幅度下降。本方法用抛物线分段近似偏微分方程,使之成为三对角矩阵,简化了计算,便于求解。用SO_2氧化反应实验对算法作了验证。     

非晶硅太阳电池在反偏压下的光照特性

研究了温度循环和在反偏压下强光照对非晶硅太阳电池性能的影响。电池在90℃,4.5V反偏压下,经550mW/cm~2 的卤钨灯光照后,短路电流增加.光致衰降减小,长波响应改善.用内电场的变化进行了解释.     

轴径向床中二维流动的研究：II.限定流道

在前文的基础上，结合流体在分流，集流流道中的变质量流动，考察了集流流道单边控制作用下限定流道时向心型轴径向床的流场，讨论了流道宽度和解媒封高度对调节流体分布的影响，提出了评价轴径向床合理设计的准则。     

各类Ti基合金阳极用于电解MnO2（EMD）的研究

本文报道了各类Ti基合金阳极（纯Ti,Ti—C,Ti—B,Ti—Ni,Ti—Mn（Ⅰ）（涂层）,Ti—Mn（Ⅱ）（合金）〕用于电解MnO_2（EMD）的实验研究工作.经二周期的连续电解（一周期为30天）,电流密度i.d=100A/m~2),纯Ti阳极钝化严重,从中筛选出Ti—Mn阳极及Ti—Ni阳极为最佳。     

Bacterial suicide through stress

Outside of the laboratory, bacterial cells are constantly exposed to stressful conditions, and an ability to resist those stresses is essential to their survival. However, the degree of stress required to bring about cell death varies with growth phase, amongst other parameters. Exponential phase cells are significantly more sensitive to stress than stationary phase ones, and a novel hypothesis has recently been advanced to explain this difference in sensitivity, the suicide response. Essentially, the suicide response predicts that rapidly growing and respiring bacterial cells will suffer growth arrest when subjected to relatively mild stresses, but their metabolism will continue: a burst of free-radical production results from this uncoupling of growth from metabolism, and it is this free-radical burst that is lethal to the cells, rather than the stress per se. The suicide response hypothesis unifies a variety of previously unrelated empirical observations, for instance induction of superoxide dismutase by heat shock, alkyl-hydroperoxide reductase by osmotic shock and catalase by ethanol shock. The suicide response also has major implications for current [food] processing methods. Received 29 March 1999; received after revision 14 May 1999; accepted 17 May 1999     

Integrin antagonists

Integrins are a family of cell surface glycoproteins that mediate numerous cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and are involved in biological processes such as tissue morphogenesis, leukocyte recirculation and migration, wound healing, blood clotting and immune response. Aberrant cell adhesion has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including a number of inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and asthma, as well as cancer and coronary heart disease. As such integrins are seen as excellent targets for the development of therapeutic agents. This report begins with an examination of the structure of integrin molecules and their ligands and then goes on to review the current state of development of antiintegrin antagonists. Received 13 April 1999; received after revision 28 May 1999; accepted 28 May 1999     

Immune responses to DNA vaccines

DNA vaccines, based on plasmid vectors expressing an antigen under the control of a strong promoter, have been shown to induce protective immune responses to a number of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria and parasites. They have also displayed efficacy in treatment or prevention of cancer, allergic diseases and autoimmunity. Immunologically, DNA vaccines induce a full spectrum of immune responses that include cytolytic T cells, T helper cells and antibodies. The immune response to DNA vaccines can be enhanced by genetic engineering of the antigen to facilitate its presentation to B and T cells. Furthermore, the immune response can be modulated by genetic adjuvants in the form of vectors expressing biologically active determinants or by more traditional adjuvants that facilitate uptake of DNA into cells. The ease of genetic manipulation of DNA vaccines invites their use not only as vaccines but also as research tools for immunologists and microbiologists. Received 26 October 1998; received after revision 3 December 1998; accepted 3 December 1998