喷油量自动测量装置的研究

基于ATmega128单片机和差动变压器式（LVDT）位移传感器,运用位移法的工作原理,设计了高精度柱塞油缸量油系统。在设计之前,对柱塞油缸进行了精度分析。并在喷油泵试验台上进行了对比试验,结果表明该测量系统精确、可靠。     

二氧化碳电化学还原概述

在过去的几十年里,二氧化碳(CO_2)电化学还原技术的迅猛发展越来越引起国际国内的广泛关注。此技术可以利用太阳能、风能、潮汐能等可再生能源及核电/水电的弃电,将温室气体CO_2还原为低碳燃料和有经济价值的化学品。这一技术可以促进废弃物(气体)利用以实现能源储存与转换,变废为宝,被认为是一种绿色环保、有发展潜力的CO_2处置方法。使用的催化剂和电解质不同,CO_2电化学还原过程给出的产物也不尽相同。本文概述了CO_2电化学还原的原理以及催化剂、电解质和反应器的发展现状。     

燃料电池气、水、热平衡分析及综合管理系统设计

建立了质子交换膜燃料电池系统的气、水和热平衡计算模型,总结了电堆气、水和热管理相关物理量的计算方法;以60kW电堆为例计算分析,认为气、水、热管理三者有着密切的联系,应建立综合管理的概念;设计了气、水、热综合管理系统,该系统充分回收利用了电堆的尾气、电化学反应生成的水和电堆产生的热量。     

Bi掺杂的直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂研究进展

发展可替代能源对缓解全球能源问题具有重要意义。直接甲醇燃料电池(direct methanol fuel cell,DMFC) 因其工作温度低、能量密度高以及污染物排放少等特性,正逐渐成为最有发展前景的便携式能源技术之一。目前,其商业化进程主要取决于甲醇氧化反应(methanol oxidation reaction,MOR) 的动力学快慢、催化剂的成本和寿命。Bi元素的掺杂可以极大地提高甲醇电催化氧化的性能,并且可以提高阳极催化剂抵抗CO中毒的能力。介绍了掺杂Bi的贵金属和非贵金属阳极电催化剂,以及贵金属掺杂Bi₂O₃、Bi₂WO₆ 等光辅助电催化剂;综述了它们提高甲醇电催化氧化性能的机制,并展望了阳极Bi电催化剂在DMFC中所面临的机遇和挑战。     

原发性肝癌组织中TAM和MC与MV计数及病理意义

目的 研究原发性肝癌（primary hepatocarcinoma,PHC）组织中肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（tumor-associated macrophage,TAM）、肥大细胞（mast cells,MC）和微血管（microvessel,MV）的计数及其临床病理意义,并探讨了三者之间的相互关系.方法 应用ABC免疫组化法,对47例PHC手术切除标本常规石蜡包埋切片分别检测TAM、MC和MV,并高倍镜下计数.结果 47例PHC癌组织中TAM、MC和MV计数均显著高于癌旁组织（TAM：70.27±17.93个/HP vs. 44.15±9.10个/HP,P<0.01;MC：15.46±4.54个/HP vs. 8.08±2.03个/HP,P<0.01;MV：67.30±13.68个/HP vs. 37.20±10.58个/HP,P<0.01）;TAM与MV在术前AFU（α-岩藻糖）小于等于10 μg/L病例的计数显著高于AFU大于10 μg/L病例的计数(TAM：74.13±18.33个/HP vs. 61.15±13.54个/HP,P<0.05;MV：70.41±13.03个/HP vs. 59.97±12.69个/HP,P<0.05);伴转移病例癌组织中的MV计数（73.50±13.77个/HP）显著高于无转移病例(64.10±12.68个/HP,P<0.05);MC、TAM、MV在PHC中的计数与PHC其他主要临床病理特征之间均无明显关系;癌组织中TAM计数与MV计数呈正相关（P<0.01,r=0.686）,MC计数与MV计数呈正相关（P<0.05,r=0.348）.结论 MC、TAM、MV的计数与PHC 的发生、发展关系密切;MV计数高的PHC易于发生浸润和转移;TAM、MC与PHC的血管生成可能有密切的关系.     

临近空间慢速平台SAR结合运动补偿的SCFT算法

针对临近空间慢速平台SAR轨迹运动偏差的空变性进行了分析.在二维频率域利用系统传输函数(STF)和变尺度傅里叶变换(SCFT)处理算法有效补偿了距离迁移和关于快时间波数的高阶相位,指出在运动补偿过程中,可将轨迹运动偏差分解成空不变项和空变项.在二雏频率域,结合一阶、二阶运动误差补偿的方法,提出了临近空间慢速平台SAR结合运动补偿的SCFT处理算法.最后,通过计算机仿真,验证了本算法的正确性.     

The cytotoxicity of eosinophil cationic protein/ribonuclease 3 on eukaryotic cell lines takes place through its aggregation on the cell membrane

Human eosinophil cationic protein (ECP)/ ribonuclease 3 (RNase 3) is a protein secreted from the secondary granules of activated eosinophils. Specific properties of ECP contribute to its cytotoxic activities associated with defense mechanisms. In this work the ECP cytotoxic activity on eukaryotic cell lines is analyzed. The ECP effects begin with its binding and aggregation to the cell surface, altering the cell membrane permeability and modifying the cell ionic equilibrium. No internalization of the protein is observed. These signals induce cell-specific morphological and biochemical changes such as chromatin condensation, reversion of membrane asymmetry, reactive oxygen species production and activation of caspase-3-like activity and, eventually, cell death. However, the ribonuclease activity component of ECP is not involved in this process as no RNA degradation is observed. In summary, the cytotoxic effect of ECP is attained through a mechanism different from that of other cytotoxic RNases and may be related with the ECP accumulation associated with the inflammatory processes, in which eosinophils are present. Received 26 October 2007; accepted 23 November 2007     

Regulation of phagocyte migration and recruitment by Src-family kinases

Src-family kinases (SFKs) regulate different granulocyte and monocyte/macrophage responses. Accumulating evidence suggests that members of this family are implicated in signal transduction pathways regulating phagocytic cell migration and recruitment into inflammatory sites. Macrophages with a genetic deficiency of SFKs display marked alterations in cytoskeleton dynamics, polarization and migration. This same phenotype is found in cells with either a lack of SFK substrates and/or interacting proteins such as Pyk2/FAK, c-Cbl and p190RhoGAP. Notably, SFKs and their downstream targets also regulate monocyte recruitment into inflammatory sites. Depending on the type of assay used, neutrophil migration in vitro may be either dependent on or independent of SFKs. Also neutrophil recruitment in in vivo models of inflammation may be regulated differently by SFKs depending on the tissue involved. In this review we will discuss possible mechanisms by which SFKs may regulate phagocytic cell migratory abilities.     

柴油机燃用生物柴油燃烧与排放

研究了柴油机燃用0号柴油和生物柴油的燃烧放热规律．通过对燃烧特征参数的计算分析,发现生物柴油的燃烧始点有所提前,滞燃期缩短;燃烧初期放热尖峰出现时刻对应的曲轴转角有所提前,瞬时放热率峰值下降;燃烧持续期延长．同时还比较了柴油机燃用生物柴油和0号柴油的经济性和排放特性,发现燃油消耗率增加12％,而各种排放污染物除NOx略有上升外,CO、HC和颗粒物PM均显著下降．     

无环境信息下多尺度网格细胞群空间表征模型

针对无环境信息条件下网格细胞空间表征问题,提出一种多尺度网格细胞群的空间表征模型.通过减少吸引子网络模型网格细胞的偏好朝向,使网格细胞具有特定的感应方向,仅对特定方向上的速度产生响应.基于改进的吸引子网络模型,构建多尺度网格细胞群,并对空间进行表征.仿真结果表明,改进后的网格细胞模型只响应相应方向的速度,准确整合速度信...