Scientists and their cultural heritage: Knowledge,politics and ambivalent relationships

For many years, scientific heritage has received attention from multiple actors from different spheres of activity—archives, museums, scientific institutions. Beyond the heterogeneity revealed when examining the place of scientific heritage in different places, an authentic patrimonial configuration emerges and takes the form of a nebula of claims and of accomplishments that result, in some cases, in institutional and political recognition at the national level, in various country all around the world. At the international level, the creation of the international committee dedicated to University Museums and Collections (UMAC) within the International Council of Museums (ICOM) certainly testified from this raising interest in academic heritage and the existence of a specific community concern with it.This article presents numerous initiatives for the preservation of scientific heritage in France, with the goal of analysing the relationship scientists have with their heritage. We argue that scientific communities have a special relationship with heritage, which is characterized by a number of ambiguities. We show that such ambivalences allow analysis of identity, discipline, professional, and social issues operative in defining heritage and being redefined by heritage. To explore these dimensions, we have chosen to present three different case studies. The first traces the institutional uses of heritage by a scientific institution, the Commissariat à l’énergie atomique (CEA), through the transformation of the first French atomic reactor (ZOE) into a museum. The second example describes the initiatives of French astronomers from the mid-1990s to construct a national programme for the protection of astronomy heritage. Lastly, we recount the case of universities, with the example of the Université de Strasbourg.     

多基站协作通信系统的频偏补偿策略

在多基站协作通信系统中,为了获得空间分集或复用增益,协作基站同时同频向多个终端发送数据,而终端同时同频收到多个具有不同频偏的信号．基站或终端不能通过预补偿或后补偿方法独立解决多基站多用户频偏补偿问题．针对这一难题,本文提出基于最大可容忍剩余频偏的收发联合补偿策略．仿真结果表明：该策略虽然不能完全消除多基站多用户频偏,但可将其控制在可容忍范围内．     

海杂波频谱的多重分形特性分析

本文主要研究海杂波频谱的多重分形特性并分析其影响因素．首先介绍了将多重分形理论引入到海杂波频谱分析中的理论基础,然后,采用X波段与S波段相参雷达实测数据验证海杂波频谱的多重分形特性,并采用多重分形去趋势起伏分析（MF-DFA）法对海杂波频谱进行多重分形特性分析、分析结果表明海杂波频谱是一种受长程相关性和概率分布共同影响的多重分形序列,并且频域多重分形参数广义Hurst指数对海杂波单元与目标单元具有一定的区分能力．此外．通过分析广义Hurst指数的影响因素还发现FFT时所采用的时间序列长度对广义Hurst指数影响相对较大,而FFT点数对其影响相对较小．     

On the Difficulty of Measuring Forecasting Skill in Financial Markets

The use of correlation between forecasts and actual returns is commonplace in the literature, often used as a measurement of investors' skill. A prominent application of this is the concept of the information coefficient (IC). Not only can the IC be used as a tool to rate analysts and fund managers but it also represents an important parameter in the asset allocation and portfolio construction process. Nevertheless, a theoretical understanding of it has typically been limited to the partial equilibrium context where the investing activities of each agent have no effect on other market participants. In this paper we show that this can be an undesirable oversimplification and we demonstrate plausible circumstances in which conventional empirical measurements of IC can be highly misleading. We suggest that improved understanding of IC in a general equilibrium setting can lead to refined portfolio decision making ex ante and more informative analysis of performance ex post. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Neuro‐wavelet Model for the Short‐Term Forecasting of High‐Frequency Time Series of Stock Returns

We propose a wavelet neural network (neuro‐wavelet) model for the short‐term forecast of stock returns from high‐frequency financial data. The proposed hybrid model combines the capability of wavelets and neural networks to capture non‐stationary nonlinear attributes embedded in financial time series. A comparison study was performed on the predictive power of two econometric models and four recurrent neural network topologies. Several statistical measures were applied to the predictions and standard errors to evaluate the performance of all models. A Jordan net that used as input the coefficients resulting from a non‐decimated wavelet‐based multi‐resolution decomposition of an exogenous signal showed a consistent superior forecasting performance. Reasonable forecasting accuracy for the one‐, three‐ and five step‐ahead horizons was achieved by the proposed model. The procedure used to build the neuro‐wavelet model is reusable and can be applied to any high‐frequency financial series to specify the model characteristics associated with that particular series. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新一代无线电平台数字射频核心技术研究与工程实践

无线电平台数字射频是提高现代无线电系统复杂电磁环境适应能力、机动能力、传输能力和综合集成能力等基础性能的关键.本文分析了射频技术的发展需求和国内外数字射频领域的研究进展,以及模拟射频核心单元——模拟射频功放主要指标相互矛盾的机理,并将数字射频概念扩展到综合数字射频,重点论述了数字射频核心技术——数字射频功放和全数字发信机的基本原理、优势和关键技术,提出了基于系统与工艺相结合的数字射频设计方法、数字射频功放的物理模型和一种全数字发信机体系结构以及我国自主可控发展数字射频的技术路线建议.本文认为在当今时代背景下,数字射频对于新一代无线电平台具有革命性和可行性;如果不能自主可控发展该项核心技术,我国又将出现一个新的受制于人的脆弱点.     

澳大利亚的科技管理体系初探

自2007年澳大利亚联邦政府设置了“创新、工业和科研部(DIISR)”,较传统科技管理体系,现今澳大利亚的科技管理体系发生了重大变革.本文重点介绍了新时期澳大利亚的“单核心多元科技管理体系”——绝对核心,各决策咨询机构和政府科研机构.     

韩国科技管理体制发展与演变探析

自20世纪60年代以来,韩国的科技发展取得了巨大的成就,其科技管理体制发挥了重要的作用.针对韩国科技管理体制形成与发展演变过程中经历的科技管理体系初步形成,以科技部为宏观管理决策部门的集中协调型管理体制,以及李明博政府对科技管理体制的重大调整等三个重要阶段进行了系统的分析研究,并对韩国科技管理体制的特点进行了总结和讨论.     

复杂性管理对企业核心竞争力的提升

在分析企业系统复杂性影响因素的基础上,指出企业可以通过合理配置复杂性、组织设计、文化建设等方面降低不合理的复杂性;提高个体认知和处理复杂性的能力;为增加有效复杂性提供空间;形成企业核心竞争力。     

便携式发电机整流稳压电源设计

针对便携式发电机的特殊要求,给出了一种能够满足宽压和宽频输入的整流电源的设计方案。为了使系统获得良好的稳态和动态性能,在系统中加入了反馈控制和前馈控制相结合的复合控制。实验证明,该系统不仅能够适应宽压和宽频输入,而且在输入电压和频率大幅度变化时仍能稳定可靠地工作。