酸雨对重庆市蔬菜土壤微生物区系影响的分析

本文从微生物学角度评价了酸雨对土壤环境的影响,经不同地区土壤中微生物(细菌、霉菌和放线菌)数及细菌和真菌组成的比较,结果表明:酸雨使土壤中细菌的数量减少最为明显,其中芽孢杆菌和假单孢菌的数量变化占主导地位。真菌的数量则相对增加,主要是曲霉和青霉呈增长趋势。而土壤中放线菌的变化不明显。     

贡嘎山东坡森林土壤类型发生学基本特征的研究

论述了贡嘎山东坡森林土壤形成的条件及森林土壤的基本属性,并着重阐述了山原型红壤和山地灰化土的发生学基本特征,且森林土壤的垂直分布规律明显,垂直带谱结构完整.     

冻融循环对大尺寸陶粒混凝土冲击压缩性能的影响

首次采用卧式Hopkinson束杆装置进行冲击压缩实验，研究了冻融循环试验过程中裂缝发展和动弹性模量变化的规律及冻融循环周次对陶粒混凝土大尺寸试样冲击压缩性能的影响.实验结果表明动态抗压强度随着冻融循环周次的增加而降低，随陶粒体积分数增加而降低，最大抗压强度随加载应变率的增加而增加.     

三峡大学主要绿地肥力调查和分析

城市绿地是城市生态系统的重要组成部分，对城市的可持续发展具有重要意义．大学校园是一个较特殊的城市生态系统，调查研究大学校园的主要绿地土壤肥力，对校园生态系统的可持续发展同样具有重要意义．本文通过采集三峡大学主要绿地表层（0～20cm）土壤，分别测定其pH值、阳离子交换量、有机质、全氮、全磷和有效磷等指标，调查三峡大学主要绿地土壤的肥力状况．结果表明：校区绿地表层土壤pH值以中性和碱性为主；有机质、全磷和有效磷含量则处于中上等水平，且有一定的保肥能力；但全氮含量处于很低水平．因此建议对校区绿地施用适量的氮肥，并提出了加强三峡大学校园绿地土壤科学管理的一些措施．     

Analysis of Interaction Factors between Two Piles in Layered Soils

A rigorous analytical method is presented,which takes into account the pile stiffening effects,using the theory of the transfer matrix-bottom rigidity for calculating the interaction factor between two identical piles in multi-layered soils subjected to vertical loads.Following the technique proposed by Muki and Sternberg,the problem is decomposed into extended soil layers and two fictitious piles characterized respectively by Young's moduli of the layered soils and those of the differences between the piles and the layered soils.The unknown axial forces along fictitious piles are determined by solving a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind,which imposes the compatibility condition that the axial strains of the fictitious piles are equal to those corresponding to the centroidal axes of the extended layered soils.The real pile displacements can be calculated based on the determined fictitious pile forces,and finally,the desired pile interaction factors may be obtained.Selected results from parametrical studies are presented to confirm the validity of the proposed approach and portray the influence of the governing parameters on the pile interaction.     

非饱和土真三轴双剪新强度准则及验证*

依据非饱和土的双应力状态变量理论,在俞茂宏双剪新强度准则的基础上,建立了适用于非饱和土的真三轴双剪新强度准则,并用文献非饱和粉砂刚性与柔性真三轴试验结果进行了验证.研究结果表明:该分段线性的真三轴双剪新强度准则能反映非饱和土强度的中间主应力效应及其区间性与单轴拉压不等特性,且可线性逼近拓展的非线性Spatially Mobilized Plane准则;Mohr-Coulomb强度准则的预测值偏小、外接圆Drucker-Prager准则的预测值明显偏大,这两个准则对非饱和土的真三向应力状态及试验数据均不具有很好的适用性.     

聚丙烯纤维混凝土耐久性与冻融损伤模型研究

掺入适量聚丙烯纤维即可以提高混凝土力学性能,又能够很好地改善混凝土耐久性。通过完成不同纤维掺量聚丙烯纤维混凝土抗水渗透试验、抗冻试验,得出耐久性最佳配合比。利用现有理论,结合数值分析最小二乘拟合方法,建立以相对动弹性模量和冻融累积损伤为损伤变量聚丙烯纤维混凝土的冻融损伤模型,完善现有软岩隧道喷层支护耐久性理论,对于软岩隧道支护技术发展具有广泛推广意义。     

Holocene paleoenvironmental traces in soil profiles of Eastern Fennoscandia

After the deglaciation (ca. 12000 yr B.P.), climate of the Eastern Fennoscandian territory varied. Changes in both temperature and moisture content lead to vegetative successions and changes in soil formation. Though fossil soils are rare in Eastern Fennoscandia, numerous traces of paleoenvironments are detected in soil profiles. We propose that in most cases climatic, water level, and vegetative changes were relatively rapid. A new soil profile started its development, while the older one remained practically untouched.     

南五台山地土壤的特征

根据我国新的土壤分类和实地调查，论述了在南五台成土条件的综合作用下，通过粘化、钙积等成土过程所形成的山地钙积褐土、山地粘淀棕壤等五亚类、相关亚类所构成的土壤垂直地带谱，以及各亚类主要的性态特征。