一种检测无缝钢管内表面缺陷的光纤传感器

本文提出了一种有效地检测无缝钢管内表面缺陷的方案.对内表面缺陷的检测原理作了较详尽的讨论.所设计的传感头具有耦合效率高、自动消除光源功率漂移的一系列优点.实验结果表明:本文的实验系统具有工作可靠、性能稳定等优点。     

具有公共对称平面的两回转二阶曲面交线的特位点

本文对一类相贯线(其投影为二阶曲线)的特位点给出了通用而简明的作图法,继之用解析法及几何变换法对作图的正确性及其相关问题予以系统证明,并通过实例使此类问题较完满得到解决。     

沥青与酚醛树脂质炭的结构与性能研究

本文研究不同酚醛树脂质炭、不同溶剂溶树脂炭以及沥青—树脂复合炭的结构与性能;探讨了炭结构与抗氧化性之间的关系。研究结果表明,树脂炭的抗氧化性主要取决于炭的显微结构。而对于树脂—沥青复合炭而言,具有流动—镶嵌状结构的炭具有较好的抗氧化性能。     

固体粉末的分形几何体尖端烧结模型

本文提出一个分形几何模型(Fractal geometry model)。用它描述固体粉末体系的结构特征,并在此基础上建立了单金属粉末体系烧结过程的动力学模型。以单分子反应为例,研究了与烧结有关的若干因素。将理论预测与已有实验进行比较,得到了较满意的结果。     

Bacterial suicide through stress

Outside of the laboratory, bacterial cells are constantly exposed to stressful conditions, and an ability to resist those stresses is essential to their survival. However, the degree of stress required to bring about cell death varies with growth phase, amongst other parameters. Exponential phase cells are significantly more sensitive to stress than stationary phase ones, and a novel hypothesis has recently been advanced to explain this difference in sensitivity, the suicide response. Essentially, the suicide response predicts that rapidly growing and respiring bacterial cells will suffer growth arrest when subjected to relatively mild stresses, but their metabolism will continue: a burst of free-radical production results from this uncoupling of growth from metabolism, and it is this free-radical burst that is lethal to the cells, rather than the stress per se. The suicide response hypothesis unifies a variety of previously unrelated empirical observations, for instance induction of superoxide dismutase by heat shock, alkyl-hydroperoxide reductase by osmotic shock and catalase by ethanol shock. The suicide response also has major implications for current [food] processing methods. Received 29 March 1999; received after revision 14 May 1999; accepted 17 May 1999     

Age-related lipid peroxidation in the digestive gland of mussels: The role of the antioxidant defence systems

Summary The main cellular defence systems against free radical-mediated oxidative stress are significantly reduced in the dige⁺ive gland of aged (>10 years old) compared to younger (2–4 years old) mussels (Mytilus edulis L.). Moreover, the concentration of lipid peroxidation products (malondialdehyde) is increased in the same age group with respect to younger animals. The obtained data indicate that an impairment of the antioxidant defence systems would render the older animals more susceptible to peroxidative stress, thus supporting the general significance of the free radical theory of aging.     

大气对星载盐度计辐射传输特性及盐度反演的影响研究

利用MPM93模型, 根据微波辐射传输方程, 仿真不同天气情况下的L波段大气辐射参数及盐度计观测亮温, 并用最大似然估计法反演海表盐度, 研究不同天气情况对海表盐度反演值的影响。仿真结果表明: 考虑了悬浮液滴影响的云、雾及霾情形的大气辐射参数与晴空时差别不大, 可以忽略天气的影响。然而, 降雨对大气辐射参数的影响不可忽略, 并且随着降雨率的增加, 盐度反演误差明显增大。在降雨率不变的情况下, 盐度反演误差随着海表温度增加而减小, 在盐度低值时误差较小。盐度反演误差随海表气温的升高呈现先变大后变小的趋势, 受海面风速、海面气压以及海面水汽密度的影响极小。     

地表水水质评价模型及其遗传算法求解

以标准等级水体为样本点构造样本空间,借鉴无单元思想,建立带权的地表水水质评价模型.对模型中的参数,根据数据拟合的思想,将问题转化为一个非线性优化问题,然后利用遗传算法进行求解.用已知算例对评价模型的合理性进行对比检验,并将其成功应用于密云水库样本点水质的综合评价,最后将此模型推广到一般情形的评价问题.     

R^3中旋转曲面的两个性质

本文给出了R~3中旋转曲面的两个充分必要条件,并加以证明。曲面Σ是三维欧氏空间R~3中旋转曲面的充分必要条件是:1) 沿一族曲线的曲面法线构成共轴的正园锥曲面族,此轴亦为该曲面旋转轴。2) Σ的主曲率 K_1=K_1(u_1) K_2=K_2(u_1)即仅依赖一个曲率线参数u_1。