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171.
172.
刘光达 《成都大学学报(自然科学版)》1993,12(4):27-29,43
用熵增原理分析讨论了对自发过程的各种现行叙述法和定义,给出了自发过程的严格定义,分析了自由能判据和自由焓判据的实质. 相似文献
173.
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175.
Bacterial suicide through stress 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Outside of the laboratory, bacterial cells are constantly exposed to stressful conditions, and an ability to resist those
stresses is essential to their survival. However, the degree of stress required to bring about cell death varies with growth
phase, amongst other parameters. Exponential phase cells are significantly more sensitive to stress than stationary phase
ones, and a novel hypothesis has recently been advanced to explain this difference in sensitivity, the suicide response. Essentially,
the suicide response predicts that rapidly growing and respiring bacterial cells will suffer growth arrest when subjected
to relatively mild stresses, but their metabolism will continue: a burst of free-radical production results from this uncoupling
of growth from metabolism, and it is this free-radical burst that is lethal to the cells, rather than the stress per se. The
suicide response hypothesis unifies a variety of previously unrelated empirical observations, for instance induction of superoxide
dismutase by heat shock, alkyl-hydroperoxide reductase by osmotic shock and catalase by ethanol shock. The suicide response
also has major implications for current [food] processing methods.
Received 29 March 1999; received after revision 14 May 1999; accepted 17 May 1999 相似文献
176.
强半无爪图的完全圈可扩性 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3
证明了连通局部连通的强半无爪图是完全圈可扩的.从而推广了Oberly D,Sumner D,Clark L,Hendry G R T等的相关结果. 相似文献
177.
A. Viarengo L. Canesi M. Pertica D. R. Livingstone M. Orunesu 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1991,47(5):454-457
Summary The main cellular defence systems against free radical-mediated oxidative stress are significantly reduced in the dige+ive gland of aged (>10 years old) compared to younger (2–4 years old) mussels (Mytilus edulis L.). Moreover, the concentration of lipid peroxidation products (malondialdehyde) is increased in the same age group with respect to younger animals. The obtained data indicate that an impairment of the antioxidant defence systems would render the older animals more susceptible to peroxidative stress, thus supporting the general significance of the free radical theory of aging. 相似文献
178.
周睿煦 《安徽理工大学学报(自然科学版)》1991,(Z1)
本文讨论了松散物料力学的一些基本问题:屈服轨迹,静屈服轨迹和动屈服轨迹;在它上面没有切应力和正应力的自由表面;有效屈服轨迹和时间效应;主动应力状态和被动应力状态;松散物料的主应力轨迹,拱的理论等。在每个问题中,既讨论了理论问题,也讨论了实践问题。 相似文献
179.
Spiro RG 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2004,61(9):1025-1041
Misfolded or incompletely assembled multisubunit glycoproteins undergo endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) regulated in large measure by their N-linked polymannose oligosaccharides. In this quality control system lectin interaction with Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 glycans after trimming with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) -glucosidases and -mannosidases sorts out persistently unfolded glycoproteins for N-deglycosylation and proteolytic degradation. Monoglucosylated (Glc1Man9GlcNAc2) glycoproteins take part in the calnexin/calreticulin glucosylation-deglucosylation cycle, while the Man8GlcNAc2 isomer B product of ER mannosidase I interacts with EDEM. Proteasomal degradation requires retrotranslocation into the cytosol through a Sec61 channel and deglycosylation by peptide: N-glycosidase (PNGase); in alternate models both PNGase and proteasomes may be either free in the cytosol or ER membrane-imbedded/attached. Numerous proteins appear to undergo nonproteasomal degradation in which deglycosylation and proteolysis take place in the ER lumen. The released free oligosaccharides (OS) are transported to the cytosol as OS-GlcNAc2 along with similar components produced by the hydrolytic action of the oligosaccharyltransferase, where they together with OS from the proteasomal pathway are trimmed to Man5GlcNAc1 by the action of cytosolic endo--N-acetylglucosaminidase and -mannosidase before entering the lysosomes. Some misfolded glycoproteins can recycle between the ER, intermediate and Golgi compartments, where they are further processed before ERAD. Moreover, properly folded glycoproteins with mannose-trimmed glycans can be deglucosylated in the Golgi by endomannosidase, thereby releasing calreticulin and permitting formation of complex OS. A number of regulatory controls have been described, including the glucosidase-glucosyltransferase shuttle, which controls the level of Glc3Man9GlcNAc2-P-P-Dol, and the unfolded protein response, which enhances synthesis of components of the quality control system.Received 26 January 2004; accepted 25 February 2004 相似文献
180.
卡尔·桑德堡的诗歌风格 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
徐艳萍 《西安联合大学学报》2004,7(3):47-49
卡尔·桑德堡的诗歌,一方面,从内容到形式上继承了沃尔特·惠特曼的创作风格:内容上,桑德堡使自己的诗歌成为"人民的声音";形式上,他采用自由体诗,打破传统的十四行诗的韵律,像惠特曼一样采用长句、重复、叠韵、罗列等技巧表达自己的情感。另一方面,卡尔·桑德堡紧跟时代脉搏,成为意象派诗人的一员,正是他短小精悍、浑然一体的意象诗使他名垂青史。 相似文献