混凝土概率断裂模式

本文研究混凝土的损伤和概率断裂模式，特别用能量观点分析了混凝土的脆性和延性断裂，讨论了常用的损伤和概率分布，最后指出指数型分布可以推导出结构尺寸效应定理．     

钢中近界面微区的形变与断裂Ⅰ-夹杂物与基体界面近区的形变与断裂

采用增量拉伸、表面复型及剖面金相技术，结合断口分析，揭示夹杂物与基体从相容形变残留内应力到不相容形变而发生夹杂物或其与基体界面断裂成孔洞，孔洞近邻基体局部形变断裂与孔洞长大聚合及最终断裂的微观过程．根据夹杂物特性，结合界面微观力学分析，闸明夹杂物近界面的形变断裂与钢宏观断裂的机理及夹杂物与钢力学性能关系．     

碳氮共渗层残留奥氏体对疲劳裂纹扩展抗力的影响

采用表面裂纹法研究了残留奥氏体在碳氮共渗层中疲劳裂纹的扩展行为，证实残留奥氏体在疲劳裂纹扩展过程中会形成应变诱发马氏体，从而导致疲劳裂纹扩展速率明显降低．通过裂纹前端塑性区的能量估算，指出上述现象是由于应变诱发马氏体时吸收大量能量的结果．     

FIBRE REINFORCED COMPOSITES BASED ON NOVEL BLEND MATRICES

A series of glass fibre reinforced composites based on novel blend matrices were fabricated us-ing reaction injection moulding (RIM) processing.The blends were made of sub-sequentialinterpenetrating polymer networks of acrylic-polyurea or acrylic-copoly(urea-isocyanurate).Themechanical and thermal properties were characterized by tensile test and dynamic mechanical ana-lysis.The fracture data from single edge notch bend tests were analysed using fracture mechanicsfor the composites to give K_(IC) and G_(IC).The correlation between reaction kinetics and morphologyof the blend and the composite properties were discussed.The investigations showed that the novelblends have good bonding property on glass fibre,thus good processability in RIM,and the re-suited composites have good mechanical and thermal properties.     

断裂理论研究的若干进展

本文扼要介绍了断裂理论研究方面的最新进展。包括以考虑应力的三轴度发展起来的K—T和J—Q理论;界面断裂力学的研究;断裂理论的增韧研究,以及应用分形理论的一些研究成果,力图阐述一些新的概念、新的思想和新的方法。并对今后的研究方向提出了作者的看法。     

Effective stress law for anisotropic double porous media

An effective stress law is derived analytically to describe the effect of pore (fracture pore and matrix-block pore) fluid pressure on the linearly elastic response of anisotropic saturated dual-porous rocks, which exhibit anisotropy. For general anisotropy the difference between the effective stress and the applied stress is not hydrostatic simply multiplied by Biot coefficient. The effective stress law involves four constants for transversely isotropic response;these constants can be expressed in terms of the moduli of the single porous material, double porous material and of the solid material. These expressions are simplified considerably when the anisotropy is structural rather than intrinsic, i.e. in the case of an isotropic solid material with an anisotropic pore structure. In this case the effective stress law involves grain bulk modulus, four moduli and two compliances of the porous material for transverse isotropy. The law reduces, in the case of isotropic response, to that suggested by Li Shuiquan (2001). And reduction to the single-porosity (derived analytically by Carroll (1979)) is presented to demonstrate the conceptual consistency of the proposed law.     

层布式钢纤维混凝土力学行为与断裂性能研究

通过试验,研究了钢纤维体积掺量和长径比对层布式钢纤维混凝土力学性能及断裂性能的影响,对比了层布式钢纤维混凝土与素混凝土和钢纤维混凝土的力学性能及断裂性能,结果表明:层布式钢纤维混凝土改善了混凝土的力学性能,提高了混凝土的断裂韧度和断裂能.     

工程结构裂纹监测技术

针对工程结构裂纹的产生和扩展原因,介绍了不同材料的裂纹监测技术,指出了基于传统方法的裂纹监测技术的缺陷和不足。在此基础上,着重分析了基于电子散斑干涉技术的结构裂纹监测技术的原理和应用。该技术用CCD相机将被测物体上的图像记录下来,并传输到计算机图像分析系统中进行存储和分析,经过图像处理和模式识别可以清楚地得到裂纹的图像,从而获得裂纹的各个参数;该技术可以实现对脆性材料和准脆性材料微小裂纹及裂纹尖端附近应力的监测。     

固溶处理对7A55铝合金断裂韧性的影响

采用金相组织观察、拉伸实验、Kahn撕裂试验、扫描电镜、透射电镜等方法研究固溶处理对7A55铝合金断裂韧性的影响。研究结果表明:固溶温度对7A55铝合金断裂韧性影响显著,7A55铝合金在450～490℃时固溶,随着温度上升,可溶性粒子减少,断裂韧性增加,到480℃时断裂韧性达到最大值;当温度超过480℃时,由于晶粒的长大,断裂韧性又开始下降;7A55铝合金有很大的淬火敏感性,当以慢速淬火时,晶界非共格析出物尺寸粗大,对断裂韧性不利。