矿产资源开发生态补偿法律制度初探

矿产资源生态补偿法律制度的建立以矿产资源开发过程中存在的经济上的正外部性与环境上的负外部性两种利益的衡平为理论基础。分析我国现行立法中与矿产资源补偿的相关法律制度，我国矿产资源开发生态补偿法律制度还有缺失。建立我国矿产资源开发生态补偿法律制度，一要对现有相关制度更新完善，赋予其生态补偿功能；二要进行制度创新，促进社会和谐与可持续发展。     

封山育林是加快太行山绿化的重要途径

介绍了封山育林的概念和封山育林的优势,阐述了封山育林的对象、条件、类型、方式和封山育林的年限,提出了加快太行山封山育林的对策。     

现代旅游中家园遗产的生态链——广西秀水村旅游开发潜伏的危机

以广西壮族自治区、贺州市富川瑶族自治县的秀水村在生态旅游开发中所面临的情形为例,试图阐明现代生态旅游给地方“家园生态”纽带可能造成断裂的后果。并以此反思现代旅游在乡土社会中所遇到的矛盾和挑战对于游客来说,生态旅游意味着到一个生态良好的环境中去休闲;纵使游客具有很好的生态保护意识,也只能说明旅游行为一个方面。而对于旅游目的地,特别是东道主社会,他们在生态旅游方面的准备,包括知识、意识、行为、规划等都可能存在问题,特别是发展中国家,情形会更严重。这种不对衬的交流,通过金钱和权力所实现的现代旅游,可能会给“自然生态”带去“人为生态”的异化。     

庞德诗作中的女性形象解读

伊兹拉.庞德是美国二十世纪初现代派诗人的代表,意象派诗歌的领袖人物,一生致力于诗歌的创新和探索。人们对他的研究主要集中于他的意象派诗歌的技巧以及他对儒家思想的探索。我们用生态女性主义的批评理论,研究庞德诗歌中的女性形象,可以为研究庞德对女性的看法提供崭新的视角。     

西部植被建设对我国整体生态环境的作用

我国整体生态环境的主要河流长江、黄河都起源于西部,近年来,由于生态恶化造成的沙尘风暴及洪涝灾害不断给全国造成影响和威胁,因此,西部的植被建设必然是关系全国整体生态环境的大事.     

我国北方干旱区草原的生态问题与工程技术对策

北方干旱区草原是我国草原的主体,也是沙尘暴的主要策源地。结合国家“十五”科技攻关项目和国际草原项目,总结归纳相关研究调查材料,着重就北方干旱区草原的生态问题进行探讨和分析,提出了草原区有关气候、水资源、草地生产力和生态系统的6个资源特征,阐述了有关草地面积、质量、生物多样性等5个方面的生态问题,以锡林郭勒草原生态工程治理为范例,总结了干旱区草原植被恢复与改良的技术体系和生态工程切入点,进一步提出了干旱区草原保护和改良的对策。     

The reproductive ecology of Leptodactylus fuscus (Anura,Leptodactylidae): new data from natural temporary ponds in the Brazilian Cerrado and a review throughout its distribution

Recent studies indicate that populations historically called Leptodactylus fuscus (Schneider, 1799) comprise at least three well‐differentiated lineages. Herein, we describe the reproductive ecology of a southeastern clade population of L. fuscus, and review the characters of the reproductive ecology for several populations of the northern and southeastern clades. Most reproductive activity occurred in December and January, which coincided with the highest rainfall period. Males had an aggregated spatial distribution in the central area of the ponds. Three courtship interactions were observed. A female was observed closing the entrance to a burrow with moist sand after oviposition. This behaviour is described for the first time in L. fuscus. The review of the reproductive biology of the northern and southeastern clades indicates a relatively high plasticity in L. fuscus. Furthermore, the results corroborate the suggestion, based on molecular data, that the northern and southeastern clades of L. fuscus represent distinct evolutionary units.     

On the natural history of the South American pepper frog,Leptodactylus labyrinthicus (Spix, 1824) (Anura: Leptodactylidae)

Some species of Leptodactylus of the L. pentadactylus group lay their eggs outside water but the tadpoles need to reach water to complete the larval phase; other species complete development in terrestrial nests. Here we present details of the reproduction of L. labyrinthicus in south‐eastern Brazil. The proportion of tadpoles and trophic eggs in aged egg clutches was determined, as well as the growth of the tadpoles while in the nest. The gut contents of tadpoles that were in egg clutches of frogs were analysed. Adult males did not differ from females in size and had hypertrophied forearms and an enlarged spine on the thumb. Reproduction was initiated with the first rains of August/September and extended to mid‐January. Calling and spawning occurred at permanent or temporary water bodies. The foam nests were built in excavated basins outside of, but close to the water. The male determined the place of the basin construction; after amplexus, the female completed the excavation. The amplexus was axillary. One female spent the day after spawning in the foam. The eggs were pale grey, the yolk averaging 2.3?mm in diameter. The mean number of eggs was 2101 per egg clutch. The number of tadpoles in individual nests varied between 0.05% and 11.40% in relation to the total laid eggs. The tadpoles entered water when rains flooded the basin. The tadpoles grew to 12 times the weight of an individual egg while in the nest; no nesting tadpole was beyond stage 25. The longest time we followed tadpoles in a nest was 25 days. Tadpoles were found preying upon eggs of three other frog species and upon conspecific eggs. Males fought by grasping each other in a belly‐to‐belly position; the powerful arms and the thumb spines represent weapons. Even though males can reach maturity in the season following birth, small size would prevent them from establishing their own territory. All the species of the L. pentadactylus group may build their foam nests within excavated basins. The basins may protect the eggs and embryos from cannibalistic tadpoles and may have an anti‐desiccation effect. In order to produce trophic eggs, the female may delay laying additional unfertilized eggs until after the male has abandoned the foam nest. Anuran eggs represent an important food item for tadpoles after they leave the nest.     

厦门市林业有害生物普查结果及防控对策

2004—2005年，通过对厦门市林业有害生物的全面普查，共调查厦门市寄主树种130多种，查清了共有外来林业有害生物22种，本土有害生物25种。其中外来有害昆虫（线虫）4种，发生总面积246912．5亩；本土林业有害昆虫13种，发生总面积230273．5亩；外来有害植物18种，本土有害植物7种；本土有害危险性病原微生物5种。论述了厦门市林业有害生物发生原因，并提出厦门市目前的防控策略。