Reproductive behaviour of Physalaemus kroyeri (Anura: Leiuperidae) in the municipality of Jequié, state of Bahia

From August 2010 to April 2011 we surveyed two different areas, located in the municipality of Jequié, State of Bahia, to obtain information about the reproductive biology of Physalaemus kroyeri. Data on the spatial and temporal distribution of P. kroyeri were recorded. Physalaemus kroyeri may be classified as a prolonged breeder with a reproductive period linked to rainfall. The average number of eggs in the foam nest of P. kroyeri is one of the highest recorded for the genus. Our results are coincident with the known reproductive behaviour of congeneric species and may be viewed as reproductive adaptations to open and highly seasonal environments.     

Novel compound specified in dune reed (Phragmites communis Trin.) and its possible role as a protectant on the chloroplasts under stress

A small solute has been obtained with column chromatography, which only exists and accumulates in the leaves of dune reed in northwest China's desert region. Its unique polyamine and aromatic features are quite different from those well-known ones accumulated under stresses. The natural quantity of the solute is strikingly proportional to the level of local high temperature, and a large section is distributed in the photosynthetic chloroplasts. Under lab conditions, we have proved that the solute plays a role in protecting or conserving chloroplasts under heat stress. So it is reasonable to suppose that the high resistance of dune reed to environmental high temperature and/or drought is at least partially due to the accumulation of this unique solute.     

湘西州生境对杜仲叶绿原酸质量分数的影响

对湘西自治州7县1市多个采集点的杜仲叶绿原酸质量分数进行检测,考察不同生境对杜仲叶绿原酸质量分数的影响.试验结果表明,湘西自治州不同地区杜仲叶绿原酸质量分数存在明显差异,不同地区及同一地区不同采集点绿原酸的质量分数均存在差异.杜仲生长在海拔401~500m范围,坡向南坡,土壤种类为浅灰土壤,土壤母质为石灰岩或砂页岩的条件下,杜仲叶绿原酸质量分数较高.     

丁坝间距对改善水生生物栖息地作用的数值模拟研究

用于航道整治的丁坝在发挥束水攻沙整治作用的同时,也会因丁坝影响范围内的水沙结构和河床形态改变而造成水生生物栖息地的适宜性变化。常用的水生生物栖息地模拟模型（River2D）因缺乏泥沙（推移质和悬移质）运动和河床变化模块,难以直接用来评价丁坝对栖息地的影响。为此,本文以岷江支流锦江穿过成都华阳镇河段为研究对象,采用水沙耦合的二维浅水模型,结合河道内流量增加法（IFIM）构建栖息地模拟模型。分析双丁坝在不同间距时,河道水沙运动结构、水生生物栖息地适宜性指数分布（HSI）和栖息地加权可用面积（WUA）的变化规律;同时从模拟成果中进一步得到能使WUA值有所提升的最佳丁坝间距,为航道建设河道或生态修复提供一定借鉴。     

Potential impacts of logging on intertidal infaunal communities within the Kitimat River estuary

ABSTRACT

Efficiently evaluating industrial activities plays an essential role in determining the extent to which human–ecosystem interactions may lead to species loss, disrupted community dynamics, and degraded ecosystems. Intertidal habitats offer a unique opportunity in this regard, as they are species rich ecosystems that exhibit rapid community turnover and pronounced responses to ecological disturbances. In an attempt to use these dynamic communities to identify the impact storage of harvested logs is having on the Kitimat River estuary, surveys evaluating the biotic and abiotic conditions within surrounding mudflats were conducted. The intertidal mudflats of the Kitimat River Estuary varied spatially and temporally, and with differences in the infaunal community, as well as the abiotic sediment conditions between reference mudflats, and mudflats potentially impacted by logging activities. While these differences were pronounced, we cannot at this time link these differences to the logging activities at impacted sites. We also observed evidence that suggests that the infaunal community of these intertidal mudflats have changed substantially since the 1970s, with the establishment of a community of polychaetes, as well as the appearance of the invasive clam Mya arenaria, and the invasive Cumacea Nippoleucon hinumensis. Beyond contrasting impacted and reference mudflats, the current health of these mudflats, as indicated by the infaunal community assemblage, is currently unclear. More research is required to determine if organic enrichment has occurred at these habitats, as well as to further elucidate the current health of these intertidal mudflats.     

济南市郊直翅目群落（ORTHOPTERENCOMMUNITIES）的调查研究

作者依据环境湿度条件将济南市郊区分为干旱、中生偏干、中生偏湿及湿润四类生境，并对各类生境中直翅目群落进行系统的调查研究．结果表明：济南市郊不同类型生境中直翅目群落明显有利，干旱和中生偏干生境较湿润及中生偏湿生境的群落组成更为丰富。疣蝗Ｔｒｉｌｏｐｈｉｄｉａａｎｎｕｌａｔａ、黄胫小车蝗Ｏｅｄａｌｅｕｓｉｎｆｅｒｎａｌｉｓ、短星翅蝗Ｃａｌｌｉｐｔａｍｉｔｓａｂｂｒｅｖｉａｔｕｓ和蒙古束颈蝗Ｓｐｈｉｎｇｏｎｏｔｕｓｍｏｎｇｏｌｉｃｕｓ局限栖息于干旱生境，为该生境群落的特征种；中华稻蝗Ｏｘｙａ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ、长翅稻蝗Ｏｖｅｌｏｘ小稻蝗Ｏｈｙｌａｉｎｔｒｉｃａｔａ、长翅素木蝗Ｓｈｉｒａｋｉａｃｒｉｓｓｈｉｒａｋｉｉ和大垫尖翅蝗Ｅｐａｃｒｏｍｉｕｓｃｏｅｒｕｌｉｐｅｓ局限生活于湿润生境，是该生境群落的特征种．短额负蝗Ａｔｒａｃｔｏｍｏｒｐｈａｓｉｎｅｎｉｓｉ、中华剑角蝗Ａｃｒｉｄａｃｉｎｅｒｅａ是典型广栖性种，中华稻蝗在低洼潮湿生境中优势明显，对这些种类有必要进一步深入研究．散生型东亚飞蝗Ｌｏｃｕｓｔａｍｉｇｒａｔｏｒｉａｍａｎｉｔｅｎｓｉｓ在调查区内时有所见，应引起足够重视．     

动物性别分离机制的研究进展

对动物的性别分离机制的研究进行了综述,认为性别分离指数测度公式的确立、数学模型的导入和粪便性别鉴定技术的使用对今后动物性别分离的研究具有巨大推动作用.提出,解释动物性别分离机制的假说除了包括动物自身的生态需求内因外,必须引入生境因子外因的作用.     

环境因子对滇西北地区植物多样性分布格局的影响

利用一元回归分析和偏回归分析,探讨了滇西北地区温、热带植物的分布格局及其控制因素.结果表明,温带植物多样性的高值主要出现在研究区域北部,而热带植物多样性则未呈现明显的纬度趋势.热带植物比重高值主要出现在研究区域南部,而温带植物比重高值主要出现在北部.生境异质性对温带植物多样性的解释率明显高于对热带植物多样性的解释率.这意味着,生境异质性对多样性格局的影响力可能在一定程度上取决于植物的生物地理分布区性质.气候因子对温、热带植物比重的解释率明显高于对温、热植物多样性的解释率.相比气候因子与温、热带植物多样性的关系,气候因子与温、热带植物比重之间关系可能更能反映滇西北地区温、热带植物的生态位保守性.