科学饮食 营造健康生活

饮食是人类生存的根本,是生命的源泉。伴随着人民生活水平的提高和对餐饮业需求的增长,饮食健康成了一道靓丽的风景。饮食文化、合理膳食、科学烹调和饮食习惯引起了人们广泛关注。     

食物的利用率与一类田鼠种群的稳定性

本文在文献[4]对Turchin-Batzli捕食者一食饵系统动力学行为分析的基础上，对受食物利用率影响较大的田鼠种群稳定性情况进行了理论分析和数值模拟．     

论锦州港在粮食物流黄金水道中的作用

港口在黄金水道中发挥着重要作用,港口的发展对黄金水道影响深远,港口物流在现代物流体系中占有重要地位。作为黄金水道重要港口之一的锦州港,加强其港口物流建设,对黄金水道乃至中国的整体粮食物流发展都具有重要意义。     

海洋浮游单胞藻在海产动物育苗中生产性培养新方法的试验研究

本文提出了一种在中继培养以后.以1∶1接种不施肥培养的新方法.此法能在两天内培养出育苗生产所要求的高浓度饵料液,饵料液的氨氮含量及三态氮总量较常规培养分别降低约70倍及10倍.可节省营养盐用量50％.此法适用于目前北方常用的几种海洋浮游单胞藻。     

英国动物性食品安全研究现状及我国优先发展领域

本文介绍了英国等欧盟国家的动物性食品安全研究现状;探讨了我国目前在动物性食品安全研究中存在的问题;并从残留代谢组学、营养基因组学、动物性食品功能基因组学、动物性食品病原微生物、疯牛病检测技术及动物源食品安全相关的环境生态学研究等方面,提出了我国动物性食品安全的优先研究领域。     

“农产品”和“食品”概念界定的探讨

本文通过分析农产品和食品在国内外字典、词典、图书和法律文本中的不同解释，总结了农产品和食品概念发展的特点，在此基础上，笔者根据我国当前农产品和食品安全管理的现状．认为农产品和食品的划分应归于环节的划分，并指出两者的划分只是当前管理的需要，最根本的是要从体制和法律上解决两者划分的困惑。     

大熊猫主食竹群落系统生态学过程研究进展

大熊猫主食竹是大熊猫生存繁衍的基础,同时也是大熊猫栖息地林下最为优势的层片,深刻影响着大熊猫主食竹群落系统生态功能的发挥。目前,各专家学者围绕大熊猫主食竹的生物量生产、制约大熊猫主食竹生物量生产的生物因素和非生物因素、大熊猫主食竹群落系统的养分循环、大熊猫主食竹种群的克隆生长与群落更新、大熊猫主食竹开花机理假说等方面作了大量的研究,但研究结果还具有许多不确定性,这对大熊猫主食竹群落系统生态学过程的深入了解还非常不够,同时也很难满足大熊猫及其栖息地保护的需要。因此,建议在以后的研究中,加强不同环境条件下大熊猫主食竹生物量生产以及养分循环的动态研究、大熊猫主食竹克隆生长与群落更新互动过程的研究以及大熊猫主食竹开花机理的控制实验研究。     

Bioaccumulation processes in ecosystems

The fate of environmental pollutants — the various isotopes of elements, and inorganic or organic compounds — is a fundamental aspect of ecology and ecotoxicology, and bioaccumulation is a phenomenon often discussed in this context. Human activities have drastically altered natural concentrations of many substances in the environment and added numerous new chemicals. An understanding of the processes of bioaccumulation is important for several reasons. 1) Bioaccumulation in organisms may enhance the persistence of industrial chemicals in the ecosystem as a whole, since they can be fixed in the tissues of organisms. 2) Stored chemicals are not exposed to direct physical, chemical, or biochemical degradation. 3) Stored chemicals can directly affect an individual's health. 4) Predators of those organisms that have bioaccumulated harmful substances may be endangered by food chain effects. While former theories on the processes of bioaccumulation focused on single aspects that affect the extent of accumulation (such as the trophic level within the food chain or the lipophilicity of the chemical), modern theories are based on compartmental kinetics and the integration of various environmental interactions. Concepts include results from quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR), pharmacokinetics, ecophysiology and general biology, molecular genetic aspects and selection, and finally the structure of communities and man-made alterations in them.     

Insect behavior at the leaf surface and learning as aspects of host plant selection

Summary Direct observations on the feeding behavior of insect herbivores are uncommon, but important. The important aspects of host-plant selection by phytophagous insects that have been revealed by such observations are the role of chemicals in the leaf surface, and learning. There are few detailed reports of behavior at the leaf surface, but these indicate that many, if not all, insects exhibit behavior pattenrs that can be interpreted as an examination of the quality of the surface and acceptance or rejection may follow without further testing. A number of experiments show that chemicals from the leaf surface commonly contribute to the acceptability or otherwise of a plant and in most cases so far the active chemicals are of widespread occurrence, not having a specific association with the host plant. Some experiments show that the association between surface chemicals and plant palatability is learned, but in other cases there is evidence of an innate response. Habituation to deterrent chemicals has been demonstrated in the laboratory, but not in the field. Food aversion learning also occurs and may be important in dietary switching by polyphagous insects.     

Mating behaviour and maternal care in the tropical savanna funnel-web spider Aglaoctenus lagotis Holmberg (Araneae: Lycosidae)

Despite their abundance and diversity, Neotropical spiders have been the subject of relatively few studies of behavioural ecology. The sexual behaviour and maternal care of the spider Aglaoctenus lagotis (Lycosidae) is described here. We performed experimental manipulations to test the hypothesis that males are attracted by female cues in the web. Two predictions were tested: (a) webs used by a virgin female will attract more males than webs used by an inseminated female; (b) the main cue in the web is chemical, so webs recently used by virgin females will attract more males than those that are not recently used. Additionally, we tested the hypothesis that maternal care increases offspring survivorship. Results showed that males are attracted by recently used webs (z = 0.0015; p = 0.037; z-test) and webs of virgin females (z = 0.041; p = 0.036, z-test). Male sexual behaviour presented three different categories: court, pre-mate and mate. After the mating, the females built a cocoon that was transported adhered to the spinnerets and held by the last pair of legs. After the hatching of the eggs, the young migrated to the dorsal region of the mother's body for 5 days. During maternal care the mother eliminates a yellowish drop from its oral cavity, which is collected by the young. During the development of the young until adulthood, the offspring that have their mother present in the first stages of life have greater survival compared with those without maternal care. Our results make it possible to perform comparative analyses between a South American Lycosidae species and other species distributed worldwide.