结合青藏高原东缘湖沼地震学研究进展浅议“震积岩”一词之去留

有关震积岩一词的去留,文章尝试从术语本身的含义和大家已经接受的含义出发,结合青藏高原东缘湖沼地震学研究进展,对震积岩的相关质疑提出了最新的解释。对比分析震积岩和地震岩,认为这两个术语虽接近,但含义存在明显的不同。震积岩是一个意义明确并广为大家接受的术语。     

南海浊流地貌

 南海深海底部浊流地貌十分发育。陆坡区有大量的海底峡谷，部分峡谷的谷底、越岸区或出口部位分布有超临界流成因的大型沉积物波和周期阶坎底形。多数峡谷在陆坡脚的出口处并未形成像样的海底扇，而深海平原中却保有高丰度的浊流沉积。这可能暗示，南海峡谷浊流的能量较高，即使在经历陆坡脚的减速之后仍有足够的能量维持其沿平缓的深海平原作较长距离的搬运。浊流地貌的出现大多始于晚中新世，其成因与南海及周缘强烈的构造活动有关。     

陇川微型断陷盆地河流沉积类型及变迁

通过对陇川微型断陷盆地露头剖面和钻井岩心的岩性相分析，结合地震相、测井相研究，认为陇川微型断陷盆地河流沉积类型主要有砾石质辫状河沉积、低弯度河流沉积和交织河沉积，并讨论了河流的变迁及盆地中油气储层的分布规律。     

海底沉积物剪切强度的试验研究

通过在船上现场测试,对勘探海域沉积物剪切强度进行了测试和分析.并从力学特征等方面对海底沉积物进行了综合工程地质特性研究,发现测试区域剪切强度特征随含水量的变化而变化.当含水量较高时,具有抗剪切强度小的力学特性.同时结果也表明沉积物剪切强度随深度加大而增大,到一定深度后强度趋于平稳.不同站位的沉积物由于其类型不同其剪切强度随深度的变化也不一样,有的甚至还有较大的差别.图2,表1,参9.     

GC/MS及保留指数法测定底泥中的多环芳烃

对苏州河底泥样品采用正己烷∶丙酮（１∶１）索氏提取，萃取液经浓缩分段后加入内标物萘、菲、艹屈，测定并计算各多环芳烃保留指数，结合ＧＣ／ＭＳ法，从该底质中鉴别出４５种多环芳烃及同分异构体．多环芳烃保留指数与文献相符     

陵水、新盈红树林和海草湿地表层沉积物重金属分布和污染特征

本研究通过采集海南岛陵水、新盈红树林和海草湿地70组沉积物样品进行理化分析,利用差值分析、地累积指数分析、生态风险分析、相关性分析和主成分分析等等数理统计方法对重金属污染特征进行分析和评价,研究了不同类型湿地地表层沉积物重金属含量和污染特征。结果表明,研究区红树林和海草湿地沉积物重金属As地累积指数明显高于Cr、Cu和Pb,为偏中度污染,存在中度生态风险,而Cr、Cu和Pb的生态风险较小。陵水、新盈红树林沉积物中Cr、Cu、As和Pb具有相似的来源,即主要来源于自然环境,其次来源于人类活动,As超标与研究区域周边存在大面积的鱼虾养殖、船坞停放等人类活动因素有关。     

长乐东部沿岸风沙沉积物的粒度分布特征

长乐东部沿岸风沙沉积物主要是在强劲的NE向向岸盛行风的作用下,潮间带沙向陆地运移、堆积而成的。风成沙的主要粒级为细沙,分选好,偏度多为近对称,峰态窄到很窄。风成沙的搬运方式单一,沉积物中跳跃组分占绝对优势。由于沙源、岸线方向、发育阶段、原始地形、植被条件的差异和人类活动程度、改造利用方式的不同,该区风沙沉积物的粒度特征,在不同岸段及不同相带内均有一定差异。这些具有不同粒度特征的风成沙是海岸风沙沉积在不同发育阶段、不同环境条件下的特定产物。     

河北平原河流沉积物的结构特征

沉积物的结构特征是分析和对比环境的一种依据。本文根据现代河流的已知沉积微环境中的砂样分析,阐述了河北平原河流沉积物的粒度成分、形态和石英颗粒的表面结构特征。     

盲肠回流泥沙运动机理初析

本文以实验观察得到的物理模式为基础,依据Plandtl边界层理论、湍流的半经验和统计理论,及有关旋转流体的特性,建立了描述盲肠口门处水流泥沙运动的系统数学模型。并运用分解协调技术和Blasius相似解思想,求得模型的分析解和近似分析解。文中论述了主副流动量交换、泥沙扩散、平面回流结构和立体环流结构等理论问题。在VAX/VMS系统上进行了数值模拟,结果表明,理论和实测资料符合得较好。     

On the genesis of the soil mantle of the region of Manaus,Central Amazonia,Brazil

Summary The dynamics of the forest to the north of Manaus is tightly linked to that of the soil. The latosol that covers the plateau, which supports a dense forest, consists from top to bottom of: (a) a brown, clayey organic horizon (0.3 m), (b) a yellow horizon, very rich in clay but permeable (from 0.3 to 4 m), (c) a nodular horizon rich in Al and Fe oxides (from 4 to 9 m), and (d) a horizon which still preserves the sedimentary structures of the parent sandstone, where quartz is intensely dissolved and kaolinite crystallizes in pores. In perfectly flat areas, the clay of the organic horizon is destroyed by acidocomplexolysis, and the dissolved Al is transported vertically by the drainage water. A part of this Al is used to make the gibbsite nodules of horizon (c), and the rest is used to make kaolinite in horizon (d). Because aluminum is thus conserved within any vertical prism, the rate of destruction of horizon (a) is equivalent to the rate of advance of the kaolinization zone into the sediment: the latosol is said to be in equilibrium, the surface remains perfectly flat as it slowly sinks, the quantity of kaolinite increases with time, and the silica released by quartz dissolution in the whole profile is exported by drainage water to the water table. In contrast, near drainage axes, however small initially, the drainage becomes inclined toward the axis. Part of the Al released by acidocomplexolysis of horizon (a) is now exported to rivers, and Al is no longer conserved within any given prism. The rate of advance of the kaolinization zone (d) into the sediment now becomes less than the rate of destruction of horizon (a) and the surface sinks faster than that of the surrounding plateau. After this differential podzolization has gone on long enough, it creates a network of geochemical valleys characterized by convex slopes and bounded by sandy soils (campinas). The vegetation becomes sparser and sparser. At the end, only some bushes and lichens survive on the white sand.Acknowledgments. The authors are indebted to Dr E. Merino (Dept. of Geology, Indiana University) for helpful criticisms and suggestions. This research was carried out in I.N.P.A. (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia) and was financially supported by the CNPq-CNRS/ORSTOM conv.