邻硝基苯酚在黄河沉积物和水相间的平衡分配

研究了邻硝基苯酚在黄河沉积物和水相间的分配行为,计算出中性分子和离子形态的分配系数Kd,Kdi以及总分配系数Kdo,结果表明,分配行为与体系的pH值有关,中性分子的分配系数Kd随pH增大而增大,中性分子和离子形态的总分配系数Kdo在pH大于6.12时减小,当pH大于5.08时,吸附态分数在0.85以上。     

Molecular organic geochemical peculiarities of lacustrine core sediments in Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica

The peculiarities of lipids in lacustrine core sediments from Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica, are reported. The origin of high-molecular-weight n-alkanes, alkenes,fatty acids, alcohols is supposed to be related to the abundant moss occurring in the sediments.Abundant iso-and anteiso-fatty acids that occur in the sediments indicate a relatively strong bacterial activity in non-ice-cover zone than in other regions in Antarctica. The C18:2 unsaturated fatty acids mainly originate from autochthonous algae in the sediment pool, and the C18:2/C18:0ratios in the profile are controlled more by paleotemperatures than source assemblies. Long-chain alkenones were identified in freshwater lacustrine sediment in Antarctica for the first time, of which Prymnesiophyceae is assumed to be the source organism. High relative abundance of C37:4honologue in long-chain alkenone well correlates to the severely cold climate in Antarctica.     

闽江口-马祖海域表层沉积物及沿岸养殖区生物体中Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd的含量分布

１９９５年１０月和１９９６年４月调查闽江口－马祖海域表层沉的中重金属Ｃｕ,Ｐｂ,Ｚｎ,Ｃｄ的含量,结果表明：９５年１０月所采集的表层沉积物的样品重金属Ｃｕ,Ｐｂ,Ｚｎ,Ｃｄ的平均浓度分别为２６．６,３６．７,９８．７,。０．１４４ｍｇ／ｋｇ;而９６年４月Ｃｕ,Ｐｂ,Ｚｎ,Ｃｄ的平均浓度则分别为２７．９,４３．７,１００．３,０．１６４ｍｇ／ｋｇ,两航次的测定结果上近,根据底质评价标准,Ｐｂ,Ｚｎ明     

应用地积累指数法评价太子河沉积物中重金属污染

根据沉积学原理和环境化学行为特点,应用地积累指数法对太子河(本溪段)沉积物中重金属污染进行了评价研究。结果表明,太子河市区段重金属污染是严重的,主要的重金属污染物为Cu, Pb, 其次为Zn, Cd, Hg。     

Erosion and sediment delivery in rills on steep loess slope

Sediment delivery in rills on the loess slope was studied by inflow experiments. Relationships between sediment delivery rate in rills and flow shear stress, discharge and slope gradient, maximum sediment and unit runoff power, and discharge and slope gradient were analyzed. A relationship is presented for calculating the erosion rate in rills .     

河流沉积学研究进展及发展趋势

河流沉积学的研究不但具有重要的理论意义,而且对生产实践和洪灾防治具有重要的指导作用．为了使研究能够全面把握河流沉积学的研究现状及发展趋势,从河流分类、河流沉积作用的模拟实验、河流沉积相模式、河流沉积物形成的影响因素和古河道重建等方面,对河流沉积学的进展作了比较全面的回顾．在此基础上认为,河流层序地层学具有广阔的发展空间;不同河型沉积物的识别还有待从方法上进行加强;分汉河和网状河的多河道形成机理的理论探讨和水槽模拟实验有待深入开展;河型及其沉积物的时空转化模式及影响因素需要进行系统的综合研究;等等．期望将来的研究能够在上述薄弱环节上有所突破,从而使河流沉积学的研究迈上一个新的台阶．     

长江口北槽口外细颗粒悬沙沉降速度

提供了一种计算长江口外细颗粒悬沙沉降速度的方法,利用流速仪和声学悬浮泥沙观测系统,获得了长江口北槽口外大潮水流、悬沙浓度垂线分布资料,采用落憩时刻的悬沙浓度７条垂线分布资料,通过Ｒｏｕｓｅ公式拟合,计算了与悬沙浓度垂线分布曲线相对应的细颗粒悬沙沉降速度,计算结果相对集中于３．０－４．０ｍｍ／ｓ。     

长江流域水沙输移特性

该文通过对长江上、中、下游（以宜昌站、汉口站、大通站为代表）径流量和输沙量自1865～1985在记录的统计以及两者的相关分析,阐明了长江水沙输移的时空分布特征;径流量从上游向下游明显增加;输沙量洪季自上游向中游递减,下游较中游稍有增加但仍低于上游,枯季从上游向下游增加。这种分布特征受河道比降、河流类型、水流流速、沉积物粒径范围、降水的季节变化以及人类活动等因素控制。     

Variability of streambed vertical hydraulic conductivity with depth along the Elkhorn River,Nebraska, USA

Determination of streambed hydraulic conductivity is of great importance in the analysis of stream-aquifer interactions and stream ecosystems.In this paper,in situ falling-head standpipe permeameter tests were conducted to determine streambed vertical hydraulic conductivity (Kv) of two connected layers of sediments at 60 test locations from eight sites in the Elkhorn River,Nebraska.Our results show that the Kv values for the upper layer of sediments are generally larger than those in their respective lower ...     

甬江和口外金塘水道水沙特性及悬沙输移分析

根据甬江和口外金塘水道2010年7月实测水文泥沙资料,对水动力、泥沙特性和悬沙输移进行了分析。结果表明,在甬江口及其附近水域潮差较小,潮流强,呈往复流;甬江河道自上游向下游含沙量逐渐增大,金塘水道北部水域含沙量大于南部水域,泥沙主要来自北部的长江口及杭州湾。