反气相色谱法测定燃料乙醇专用吸附剂对水和乙醇的吸附

利用反气相色谱法研究了燃料乙醇专用吸附剂在60～130?℃范围内对水和乙醇的吸附,并用环境扫描电镜对吸附剂的性质进行了表征。由气相色谱的保留时间计算出水和乙醇的分离因子和吸附剂吸附水、乙醇的吉布斯自由能变化（ΔG_s）、吸附焓变（ΔH_s）等热力学参数。实验结果表明,水和乙醇的吸附焓变分别为-37.41、-4.59kJ/mol,属于物理吸附过程。吸附的ΔG_s、ΔH_s均为负值,说明该吸附过程是自发的放热过程,低温度有利于吸附。吸附剂对水的吸附比乙醇强烈得多,可以选择性吸附水分,达到脱水的目的。     

基于案例推理和数据融合的煤与瓦斯突出预测

为了实现对煤与瓦斯突出快速、准确和动态预测,确保煤矿安全生产,考虑影响煤与瓦斯突出多种因素,提出了一种基于案例推理和数据融合技术的煤与瓦斯突出预测方法.利用基于均值的分批估计融合方法对判别煤与瓦斯突出指标的多传感器数据进行处理以获取更为准确、可靠的数据以提高预测准确性,以获得的多种判别煤与瓦斯突出指标数据为输入利用案例...     

振动诱发煤与瓦斯突出的机理

振动是诱发煤与瓦斯突出的重要因素,为此实验研究了振动对瓦斯吸附的作用并从理论上分析了振动对煤体结构的影响,探讨了振动诱发煤与瓦斯突出的机理.结果表明:在振动作用下,煤对瓦斯的吸附量有一定程度的减少,吸附能力降低;振动延长了煤样达到吸附平衡的时间,使吸附平衡压力与未加振动时有所升高,煤样中游离瓦斯增多;振动使煤体内的裂隙增加并扩展,当振动强度达到一定值时煤体内形成较大范围的连通裂隙网;在振动对煤体和瓦斯产生的综合作用下,煤与瓦斯突出的危险性大大增加.     

Improved acetone sensing properties of flat sensors based on Co-SnO2 composite nanofibers

Co-SnO2 composite nanofibers were synthesized by an electrospinning method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Gas sensors were fabricated by spinning these nanofibers onto flat ceramic substrates, which had signal electrodes and heaters on their top and bottom surfaces, respectively. Compared with sensors loaded with pure SnO2 nanofibers, the Co-SnO2 nanofiber sensors exhibited improved acetone sensing properties with high selectivity and rapid response and recovery times. The response was 33 when the sensors were exposed to 100 μL/L acetone at 330°C, and the corresponding response with 100 μL/L of ethanol was only 6. The response and recovery times to acetone were about 5 and 8 s, respectively. These results indicate Co-SnO2 composite nanofibers are good candidates for fabrication of high performance acetone sensors for practical application.     

Carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions and their evolutions of gases generated by herbaceous swamp peat at different thermal maturity stages

Coalbed methane (CBM) accumulation models include continuous gas accumulation and staged gas accumulation.However,studied on the geochemical characteristics and indices to evaluate staged accumulation CBM are lacking.This study for the first time obtained the carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of methane and ethane generated at different evolution stages using thermal simulation of samples prepared by treating an herbaceous swamp peat at different temperatures.The results showed that the carbon isotopic compositions of methane and ethane were obviously affected by the thermal evolution level of the starting sample,while the hydrogen isotopic compositions were closely related to the maturity of gases.The carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of gases generated by coal-forming organic matter with Ro values from 1.2%,1.7%,2.4%,3.2% and 3.7% to 5.2% were determinated.The relationship between Ro values and the carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of gases generated by coal-forming organic matter at different evolution stages as well as the carbon or hydrogen isotopic relationships between methane and ethane were established.The results provide a scientific basis for studying the genesis of CBM generated at different maturity intervals and understanding the geochemical characteristics of staged accumulation CBM.These results were applied to a case study on CBM from the southern Qinshui basin,and it was found that the CBM accumulated after the Middle Jurassic and was characteristic of staged gas accumulation.This is consistent with the result of geological studies,and further showed that the results of thermal simulation experiments are very important for evaluating the genesis of natural CBM.     

温室气体稳定目标下部门减排责任分解方法

为了探讨气候变化背景下温室气体排放权分摊机制这一研究难点,综述了温室气体减排责任分解方法的研究现状,遵循"共同但有区别的责任"思想并利用WRE稳定性廓线和IEA/SMP交通模型,开发了SMP-WRE模型。应用该模型建立了一种产业部门具体减排责任的分解方法,并以中国轻型车部门为例,展示了该方法的实现过程。结果表明:全球轻型车的基准排放是目标排放的2~4倍,说明轻型车部门实现450×10-6和550×10-6的CO2稳定水平难度很大。目标分解后的地区排放变化率欧美国家较小、中国较大,原因是欧美汽车市场规模饱和,而中国汽车正爆发式增加,排放增加不可避免。     

室内燃气泄漏的模拟与分析

于室内燃气泄漏引发的爆炸和火灾事故给居民的生命财产造成了极大的损失,通过浮射流理论和紊流扩散理论对燃气泄漏后扩散情况进行了分析简化,建立了流体力学模型并定义了其边界条件.运用CFD软件对该模型进行了数值模拟,得到了泄漏发生后不同条件下的室内燃气浓度的变化规律,对燃气管道优化和减少火灾具有指导意义.     

氯代芳烃及其衍生物定量结构-色谱保留值的相关性研究

根据分子中原子的特性和连接性,将分子中原子i的特征值定义为iQδ.由iQδ建构了修正的拓扑定位指数mQt,mQt具有很强的结构选择性,且计算简单.用逐步回归法分别建立氯代芳烃及其衍生物在不同色谱柱上(SE-30/160℃、SE-30/100℃、CW 20M/100℃、DB-5、SE-54、OV-101)的色谱保留值与mQt的QSRR相关模型,各样本总体所建模型的相关系数均在0.97(R≥0.99(54.55%),0.95≤R<0.99(45.45%))以上.结果表明:该模型能较好解释氯代芳烃及其衍生物的色谱保留值的递变规律,而且模型的相关系数高、预测能力强、可靠性和稳健性好.     

基于PLC和FCS的湿法烟气脱硫吸收塔监控系统研究

介绍了湿法烟气脱硫中吸收塔的工艺原理和整个系统的启停,采用PLC和FCS相结合,通过编程实现吸收塔系统的监控功能,并应用工控机对系统进行组态编程实现上位机和下位机通信.采用PLC和FCS相结合实现脱硫系统的监控设计,提高了系统的可靠性,实现了信息的可靠传输和真正的分布式控制.     

浅谈临界参数在化工计算中的应用

文章通过介绍化合物临界参数的计算方法,以及临界参数在化工计算中的3个重要应用:液体密度计算;气体热容计算;真实气体状态方程参数计算。可得出,临界参数是非常重要的化工物性数据,在化工计算中应引起重视。