改性壳聚糖、海藻酸钠离子膜电渗析处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

用电渗析法处理高浓度氨氮废水.使用阴阳离子双隔膜三室电解槽,以铁作阳极,碳作阴极,把废水中的氨氮富集到阴极液中,在阳极中产生 Fe2+,滴加 H2O2 后生成 Fenton 试剂,用以氧化降解废水中的有机物,6 h 可将垃圾渗滤液中的氨氮和 CODCr 同时除去80%.     

偶联剂对稀土荧光竹塑复合材料性能的影响

 为研究马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯（MAPE）、异丙基三(硬脂酰基)钛酸酯（YB-510）、γ-（2,3-环氧丙氧）丙基三甲氧基硅烷（KH-560）3种偶联剂对稀土荧光竹塑复合材料发光性能、力学性能和热稳定性的影响,利用荧光分光光度计、电子万能试验机、摆锤冲击仪和热重分析仪对复合材料的荧光性能、力学性能和热稳定性进行了表征,并利用场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）对稀土荧光竹塑复合材料的拉伸断面的微观形貌进行观察。结果表明,3种偶联剂都能改善稀土荧光竹塑复合材料的分散性、流动性、发光性能、弯曲强度、弯曲模量、拉伸强度和冲击强度;场发射扫描电镜显示,铝酸锶荧光粉在有偶联剂添加的稀土荧光竹塑复合材料的基体中分散均匀、团聚减少、界面黏合作用改善;相比于钛酸酯（YB-510）和KH-560,MAPE对稀土荧光竹塑复合材料的发光性能、力学性能和分散性提高更明显;热失重（TG）曲线和一阶微分（DTG）曲线分析表明,KH-560提高稀土荧光竹塑复合材料的热稳定性,钛酸酯（YB-510）对稀土荧光竹塑复合材料的热稳定性产生不良影响,MAPE对稀土荧光竹塑复合材料的热稳定性的影响不明显。     

Synergistic mechanism between SDBS and oleic acid in anionic flotation of rhodochrosite

Pure mineral flotation experiments, zeta potential testing, and infrared spectroscopy were employed to investigate the interfacial reactions of oleic acid (collector), sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS, synergist), and rhodochrosite in an anionic system. The pure mineral test shows that oleic acid has a strong ability to collect products on rhodochrosite. Under neutral to moderately alkaline conditions, low temperature (e.g., 10℃) adversely affects the flotation performance of oleic acid; the addition of SDBS significantly improves the dispersion and solubility of oleic acid, enhancing its collecting ability and flotation recovery. The zeta potential test shows that rhodochrosite interacts with oleic acid and SDBS, resulting in a more negative zeta potential and the co-adsorption of the collector and synergist at the mineral surface. Infrared spectroscopy demonstrated that when oleic acid and SDBS are used as a mixed collector, oleates along with -COO- and -COOH functional groups are formed on the mineral surface, indicating chemical adsorption on rhodochrosite. The results demonstrate that oleic acid and SDBS co-adsorb chemically on the surface of rhodochrosite, thereby improving the flotation performance of the collector.     

Dual effects of sodium sulfide on the flotation behavior of chalcopyrite: I. Effect of pulp potential

This study explores the flotation behavior of chalcopyrite in the presence of different concentrations of sodium sulfide (Na₂S·9H₂O) at pH 12 under controlled potential conditions. It was observed that the flotation of chalcopyrite is not depressed completely when the pulp potential is low, even at high concentrations of sodium sulfide, i.e., 10?1–10?2 mol/L. However, a partial and controlled oxidation of pulp does enhance the effectiveness of sodium sulfide on the depression of chalcopyrite. Characterization of the chalcopyrite particle surface by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy allowed the identification of hydrophilic and hydrophobic surface species, which are responsible for the depression and flotation of chalcopyrite. Changes in pulp potential were found to be an effective float controlling parameter, by which Na2S can be used to initiate or depress the flotation behavior of chalcopyrite.     

高效旋流气浮一体化预分水除油技术

 为克服高含水期油田预分水设施的局限性,对旋流、自溶气气浮、二级气浮、斜板聚结等技术进行集成研究,形成一体化预分水除油技术及装置。该装置取代了常规预分水除油工艺中的预分水器、除油罐、沉降罐等大型设备,具有预分水除油效率高、工艺流程短、占地面积小、投资低等优点,可用于集输系统的接转站和边缘油田就地预分水和污水处理。室内实验表明,在来液含水大于80%、含悬浮物300 mg/L 条件下,装置可预分出38%的污水,可将分出污水中的含油、含悬浮物指标分别控制在15mg/L、5 mg/L 以内,实现了预分水和除油功能的有机结合,经济效益明显。     

Study on the accelerant to the sodium oleate during bauxite flotation

The conventional collector for diasporemineral is oleic acid(OLA),which is highly insoluble and must be used in high dosage in bauxite flotation.Firstly flotation experiments with every reagent(sodium oleate,tween-20)were carried out and it was shown that sodium oleate was an effective diaspore collector,whereas nonionic surfactant tween-20 showed little collectivity.Then experiments were carried out with sodium oleate as the main collector with the addition of tween-20 to study the influences of potentiator on diaspore flotation.It could be seen from the experiments that potentiator had a marked influence on the recovery of diaspore,which was raised by more than 12% and that addition sequence also affected the flotation behavior.It gave the best results with the reagents mixed thoroughly before added and the best ratio of collector oleic acid and potentiator tween-20 stood at 10:1.From the calculation of the ingredients in the sodium oleate solution,at the pH 9,sodium oleate acted with surface of themineral with the acid-soap polymer [HOL·OL-].Zeta potential test showed that the potentiator promoted the absorption of collector on themineral surface,which lowered zeta potential.As could be seen from surface tension experiments,the addition of potentiator tween-20 lowered the CMC(critical micelle concentration) value of oleic acid solution,which was equivalent to raise the power of the agents.By the adsorptive capability tests,with the addition of tween-20,the adsorption of oleic acid on diaspore got more.     

西施舌过氧化氢酶活性的研究

对西施舌过氧化氢酶活性进行了研究.研究结果表明:西施舌过氧化氢酶的最适温度为30℃,最适pH值为6.0;在20～50℃,酶较稳定,在50℃以上,酶活性几乎完全丧失;在pH值为5.0～8.0的缓冲液中酶较稳定;在金属离子的浓度为5mmol·L-1时,Fe2+、Cu2+对酶活性有一定的激活作用,而Ca2+、Mg2+等对酶活性有一定的抑制作用;5mmol·L-1的抗坏血酸对酶活性有一定的促进,5mmol·L-1的尿素和EDTA则显示出一定的抑制作用,甲醇和乙醇也显示一定的抑制作用.     

低品位难选钼中矿的选别试验

在研究福建省某钼矿厂难选低品位钼中矿性质基础之上,通过高效捕收剂、组合抑制剂的优化配伍,结合浮选与重选技术,实现了该钼矿物的高效综合利用,得出合理的浮选流程结构与药剂制度和最佳的重选工艺参数.浮选钼精矿产品品位为45.14%,回收率达到64.7%,钼浮选尾矿由重选可分别获得硫精矿和重选钼精矿,其中重选钼精矿产品品位为3.17%,回收率达到17.2%,整个流程中钼总回收率达到81.9%.     

厌氧-好氧反应器处理选矿废水的挂膜实验

 选矿废水中所含的选矿药剂种类多,毒性大,物质结构复杂,大多难以被微生物快速、有效利用,进入环境后可以长期存留,用物化法难以保证出水中有机浮选药剂长期稳定达标排放,因此用生物法处理选矿废水达标排放或便于回收利用已势在必行。本实验采用逐渐增加进水的选矿药剂浓度、固定水力停留时间的方法启动厌氧-好氧反应器,分析了其挂膜过程中对COD和浮选药剂浓度的去除效果及生物相的变化情况。结果表明,挂膜和驯化期间,系统对COD的去除主要集中在好氧反应器,厌氧反应器虽也有一定的去除效果,但去除率远远低于好氧反应器。反应器启动40d后,COD的总去除率稳定在55%,苯胺黑药、乙硫氮和丁基黄药的总去除率分别达到92%,84%和82%,且填料中的生物相趋于稳定,标志着系统挂膜成功。     

浮选柱精选细鳞片中碳石墨实验

依据鳞片石墨浮选特点,设计石墨浮选柱实验装置。以细鳞片中碳石墨为研究对象,通过正交实验考察循环压力、矿浆浓度、柱体高度、捕收剂用量四个主要影响因素,分析因素的显著性;通过单因素实验确定实验因素对浮选效果的影响程度。结果表明：在循环压力为0．04MPa、矿浆质量浓度为40g／L、柱体高度为1550mm、捕收剂用量为200g／t条件下,石墨精矿的品位最高,为94．190％;矿浆浓度对精矿品位的影响最为显著,循环压力对精矿产率的影响最为显著;石墨精矿品位随着矿浆浓度、循环压力和捕收剂用量的增加而减小,随着柱体高度的增加而增大。该研究为浮选柱分选石墨的实际应用提供了技术参考。