WO3/TiOF2-TiO2复合催化剂的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用水热法制备了具有太阳光光催化性能的WO₃/TiOF₂-TiO₂三元复合的系列光催化剂W∶Ti=X∶10（X=0.5、1、3、5）（其中X∶10为W与Ti元素的物质的量之比,下同）。为提升催化剂性能,在复合前用NaOH溶液对TiOF₂进行了改性处理,制备了W∶OH-Ti=X∶10（X=0.5、1、3、5）系列光催化剂。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、紫外可见漫反射光谱（UV-vis DRS）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、荧光光谱（PL）等手段对样品进行了表征。在模拟太阳光照射下,以盐酸四环素（TTCH）溶液为模拟废水,对催化剂性能进行了研究。结果表明,WO₃的加入使部分TiOF₂在高温下转变为TiO₂,W∶OH-Ti=1∶10复合光催化剂与TiOF₂相比,禁带宽度降低,可见光响应增强,电子-空穴的复合受到了抑制,并且TiOF₂经NaOH处理后,复合光催化剂增加了更多的羟基。模拟太阳光照射2.5h后,投加量为0.3g/L的W∶OH-Ti=1∶10催化剂对TTCH的降解率可达85%,说明所制备的三元复合光催化剂具有良好的催化效果。     

MX@CFO,C3N4@CFO和AC@CFO复合材料的构筑及光催化性能

用有机合成乙酰丙酮盐制备CoFe₂O₄纳米颗粒, 将CoFe₂O₄纳米颗粒分别与二维过渡金属碳氮化物(MXene)、 氮化碳（C₃N₄）和粉 末活性炭（AC）复合, 构筑具有磁性功能的复合材料, 用紫外-可见分光光度计分别测量紫外光和可见光照射下4种复合材料罗丹明(RhB)在其吸收峰值处(λ=555 nm)的降解率. 实验结果表明: 获得了基体/负载复合材料, 在强磁作用下可实现光催化剂与液体环境分离; 在紫外光下, 4个样品光催化活性的高低顺序为AC@CFO>MX@CFO>CFO>C₃N₄@CFO; 在400~780 nm可见光下, 4个样品光催化活性的高低顺序为AC@CFO>C₃N₄@CFO>CFO>MX@CFO.     

铁基非晶复合材料的磁学性能研究

采用水冷铜坩埚磁悬浮熔炼和负压铜模吸铸法,制备了Fe-15Mn-5Si-xCr-0.2C(wt.%)非晶复合材料,由XRD表征试样的物相组成,采用VSM结合M-H曲线和B-H曲线分析Cr元素含量变化对非晶复合材料磁学性能的影响.结果表明:Fe-15Mn-5Si-xCr-0.2C(x=1、2、4、6、8、10、12、13、14)试样由α-Fe相、γ-Fe相和非晶相三部分组成.Cr元素含量的增加使得合金混合焓减小而混合熵增加,Fe-15Mn-5Si-14Cr-0.2C试样中非晶相和α-Fe相的协同作用,使得试样的软磁性能最优,其矫顽力和饱和磁感应强度分别达到为16.12 A/m、5.1 T.     

基于灰色理论的数控机床复合结构床身优化设计及其性能分析

为探索提高数控机床的综合性能,以某卧式加工中心铸铁床身为原型,设计了一种钢板-混凝土复合结构床身.采用正交实验、灰色关联和组合赋权相结合的方法对其结构进行优化并得到了最优的参数组合,对复合结构床身进行有限元仿真分析,并将结果与原型铸铁床身比较.结果表明:在床身质量仅增加2.3%的情况下,复合结构床身的最大静应力和最大静变形分别降低了51.3%和82.9%;前三阶固有频率提高了143.9%、156.8%和148.7%;x轴导轨和z轴导轨中心节点在x、y、z方向上的最大振幅降低了97.6%、97.1%、94.0%和99.6%、97.9%、85.4%;导轨滑块连续在导轨表面摩擦1800s时导轨的最大热-结构耦合变形量降低了7.3%.     

基于反馈控制系统实时寿命预测的延寿策略研究

针对反馈控制系统性能因执行器隐含退化而无法满足控制任务时限要求的问题,提出了一种基于反馈系统实时寿命预测的动态矩阵控制(DMC)延寿方法.该方法首先基于Wiener和Poisson过程,建立了更加贴合执行器实际退化过程的复合模型;其次,通过分析执行器隐含退化对控制系统性能的影响给出了系统剩余寿命(RUL)的解析解,实现了系统RUL的实时快速预测;接着依据RUL的预测信息并结合DMC方法,通过在线针对性地对约束矩阵Q和R元素值的共同调整来延长系统的RUL,确保了控制任务时限性要求的目标达成;最后以双容水箱液位系统验证了本文方法的有效性,且较已有的LQR方法延寿效果和鲁棒性都更优.     

深井超深井裂缝性地层致密承压封堵实验研究

深井超深井裂缝性地层钻井过程中极易发生钻井液漏失,桥接堵漏材料形成的裂缝封堵层在高温、高压、高地应力等复杂环境下失稳破坏加剧,导致堵漏成功率和裂缝封堵效果难达预期。基于多级多粒桥接堵漏的思路,以川西地区双鱼石区块超深井钻井常用的WNDK-1型架桥材料和耐高温橡胶颗粒为研究对象,系统开展了高温老化环境下堵漏材料性能评价与裂缝封堵模拟实验。实验结果表明,在150℃钻井液中老化24 h后,WNDK-1型刚性材料的粒度分布未产生明显变化,摩擦系数最高降低1.89%,抗压强度降低1.15%;橡胶颗粒的粒度分布D₉₀值增加3.55%,摩擦系数增加1.59%,抗压强度保持不变;将刚性材料、弹性材料和纤维材料以适当浓度与钻井液复配并进行裂缝封堵,形成的封堵层承压能力普遍高于13 MPa,且封堵层具有低孔低渗特征;观察封堵失稳后裂缝内封堵层结构形态可知,高温老化环境下多级多粒桥接堵漏形成的封堵层主要发生摩擦/复合失稳和剪切错位失稳。     

Interface microstructure and formation mechanism of ultrasonic spot welding for Al–Ti dissimilar metals

The present study focuses on interface microstructure and joint formation. AA6061 aluminum alloy (Al) and commercial pure ti-tanium (Ti) joints were welded by ultrasonic spot welding (USW). The welding energy was 1100–3200 J. The Al–Ti joint appearance and in-terface microstructure were observed mainly via optical microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Results indicated that a good joint can be achieved only with proper welding energy of 2150 J. No significant intermetallic compound (IMC) was found under all con-ditions. The high energy barriers of Al–Ti and difficulties in diffusion were the main reasons for the absence of IMC according to kinetic ana-lysis. The heat input is crucial for the material plastic flow and bonding area, which plays an important role in the joint formation.     

Anion-immobilized solid composite electrolytes based on metal-organic frameworks and superacid ZrO2 fillers for high-performance all solid-state lithium metal batteries

Anion-immobilized solid composite electrolytes (SCEs) are important to restrain the propagation of lithium dendrites for all solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs). Herein, a novel SCEs based on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs, UiO-66-NH2) and superacid ZrO2 (S-ZrO2) fillers are proposed, and the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA) and some other electrochemical measurements. The –NH2 groups of UiO-66-NH2 combines with F atoms of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) chains by hydrogen bonds, leading to a high electrochemical stability window of 5 V. Owing to the incorporation of UiO-66-NH2 and S-ZrO2 in PVDF-HFP polymer, the open met-al sites of MOFs and acid surfaces of S-ZrO2 can immobilize anions by strong Lewis acid-base interaction, which enhances the effect of im-mobilization anions, achieving a high Li-ion transference number (t+) of 0.72, and acquiring a high ionic conductivity of 1.05×10–4 S·cm–1 at 60°C. The symmetrical Li/Li cells with the anion-immobilized SCEs may steadily operate for over 600 h at 0.05 mA·cm–2 without the short-circuit occurring. Besides, the solid composite Li/LiFePO4 (LFP) cell with the anion-immobilized SCEs shows a superior discharge specific ca-pacity of 158 mAh·g–1 at 0.2 C. The results illustrate that the anion-immobilized SCEs are one of the most promising choices to optimize the performances of ASSLMBs.     

碳包覆Ti3AlC2增强银基复合材料的制备与性能

Ti₃AlC₂-reinforced Ag-based composites, which are used as sliding current collectors, electrical contacts, and electrode materials, exhibit remarkable performances. However, the interfacial reactions between Ag and Ti₃AlC₂ significantly degrade the electrical and thermal properties of these composites. To diminish these interfacial reactions, we fabricated carbon-coated Ti₃AlC₂ particles (C@Ti₃AlC₂) as reinforcement and prepared Ag–10wt%C@Ti₃AlC₂ composites with carbon-layer thicknesses ranging from 50–200 nm. Compared with the uncoated Ag–Ti₃AlC₂ composite, Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ was found to have a better distribution of Ti₃AlC₂ particles. With increases in the carbon-layer thickness, the Vickers hardness value and relative density of Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ gradually decreases. With a carbon-layer thickness of 150 nm, we obtained the lowest resistivity of Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ of 29.4 135.5×10?9 Ω·m, which is half that of Ag–Ti₃AlC₂ (66.7 × 10?9 Ω·m). The thermal conductivity of Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ reached a maximum value of 135.5 W·m?1·K?1 with a 200-nm carbon coating (~1.8 times that of Ag–Ti₃AlC₂). These results indicate that the carbon-coating method is a feasible strategy for improving the performance of Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ composites.     

搅拌铸造法制备和表征GNPs和CNTs增强Al 7075基复合材料

This study investigated the effects of adding graphene nanoplates (GNPs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into the Al7075 matrix via the stir casting method on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the fabricated composites. By increasing the volume fraction of reinforcements, the fraction of porosity increased. The X-ray diffraction results showed that the addition of reinforcements into the Al7075 changed the dominant crystal orientation from (002) to (111). Field emission scanning electron microscopy images also showed the distribution of clustered reinforcements in the matrix. Between the two reinforcements, the addition of CNTs generated a lower fraction of porosities. Through the addition of 0.52vol% GNPs into the matrix, the hardness, ultimate tensile strength and uniform elongation increased by 44%, 32%, and 180%, respectively. Meanwhile, the presence of 0.71vol% CNTs in the matrix increased the hardness, tensile strength and uniform elongation by 108%, 129%, and 260%, respectively.