单摆智能化测量重力加速度实验的研究

利用单摆智能化测量重力加速度装置,可以实现数据的键盘输入、自动计数、自动计时、自动计算并显示结果,有利于研究重力加速度大小与摆球摆动次数、摆长、摆角的关系．研究结果优化了测量重力加速度的方案,提高了测量精度,使传统单摆测量重力加速度的方法得到了较大的改进．     

浊点萃取——火焰原子吸收光谱法测定面粉中痕量铬

以1,3-二(4-硝基苯氨基重氮)苯(BNPADB)为络合剂,利用非离子表面活性剂TritonX-114对痕量铬进行浊点萃取富集后用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铬的含量。探究了溶液的pH、络合剂用量、表面活性剂用量、缓冲溶液、平衡温度等实验条件的影响。在优化条件下测定铬的检出限为5.9 ng/mL,富集倍数为18倍(10 mL溶液)。将该方法用于面粉中痕量铬的测定,得到了满意的结果。     

水平加速度下围岩速度节点矢量敏感性分析

拟静力分析方法作为隧道抗震分析的重要分支,一直作为工程界的热点研究问题。借鉴了地震工程中拟静力分析的方法,将地震力抽象成一个水平加速度,建立了一个适应节点速度矢量敏感性分析的计算模型。通过构建分析参量函数的方法,提取了内部支撑力的量、水平地震加速度、隧道埋深和半径之比、岩土体容重、岩土体黏聚力、岩土体内摩擦角的内部联系关系;将围岩抗力和地震加速度作为变量,埋深和半径之比等量为常量,在Bottero和Kummar的研究基础上进行了方法创新,获得了在不同条件下围岩速度节点矢量和地震加速度之间的变化关系。研究对高烈度地区的隧道衬砌设计,实现较好的经济效益有重要的帮助。     

抑制煤炭自燃的新型阻化剂研究

采用过氧化氢氧化升温实验,对原煤、原煤添加卤盐复合阻化剂和原煤添加工业废渣协效物的新型阻化剂三种情况进行比较分析,全面考察了阻化剂对灵石肥煤的阻燃效果.结果表明,添加绿色金属矿渣-红色金属矿渣协效物的新型阻化剂阻化效果最好,阻化时间变化率为108.67%.基于煤氧复合作用理论,讨论了抑制煤炭自燃的阻化机理.     

圆偏振强激光真空中加速电子最佳参数的分析

利用一维粒子模拟和解析的方法对圆偏振强激光在真空中加速电子进行了研究.研究表明,电子获得的最大能量与激光的强度有关,并且电子在激光场中加速有个最佳的加速距离,即当电子的位置与激光脉冲的峰值位置重合时,电子获得最大的能量,而最佳加速距离与激光脉冲的宽度和振幅有关.在电子获得最大能量的位置加入一个挡板能挡住激光而电子可以穿过,从而将电子从激光场中分离出来.     

Experimental study of flame spread over oil floating on water

The phenomena and mechanism of flame spread over oil floating on water were studied using temperature measurements made by fine thermocouples and an infrared camera,schlieren images of surface convection and video recordings of flame spread.The experimental results reveal that the floating-oil depth greatly affects the average rate of flame spread and average flame pulsation wavelength.The surface tension effect is the main cause of surface convection,which controls flame spread.Momentum loss and heat loss from forward-flowing hot oil to water play an important role in retarding flame spread for oil thicknesses less than about 8 mm.     

水蒸气对合成气层流火焰传播特性的影响

选用Davis-机理模拟研究初始温度400 K时,含有水蒸气的合成气/空气预混层流火焰传播特性.结合敏感性分析,从热力学效应、直接化学反应效应及化学三体反应效应方面详细分析水蒸气稀释作用.研究结果表明:当燃料中氢气的体积分数大于25%时,层流火焰传播速度、绝热火焰温度及重要自由基摩尔分数均随稀释剂比例的增加显著降低;在水蒸气整体稀释作用中,热力学效应起支配作用;随氢气体积分数的增加,当混合物当量比较小时,直接化学反应效应影响从促进作用发展为抑制作用;当稀释剂较少时,化学三体反应效应影响存在显著的抑制—促进—抑制作用的变化过程.     

暗能量

最近的宇宙学观测表明,人类熟悉的原子物质(重子物质)只占宇宙总能量的4%左右,而剩下的能量成分都是看不见的暗物质和暗能量,其中暗物质占23%,暗能量占73%.当前,暗物质和暗能量的起源和物理本质都不清楚,揭开它们的神秘本质是现代基础科学所面临的最大挑战之一.暗物质虽然神秘,但是它所产生的引力是和原子物质一样的正常引力.而暗能量就不同了,它更加神秘莫测,它产生的引力实际上是一种排斥力.正是由于暗能量的排斥力的驱动,我们的宇宙现在正在加速膨胀.暗能量在当前的物理学理论框架下面临着严重的问题.实际上,它的物理本性和量子引力理论有着深刻的联系.因此,暗能量的理论研究将为自下而上地建立一个完整的量子引力理论提供重要的线索.在简要论述了与暗能量相关的各种问题来龙去脉的基础上,描述了这个领域的概况.     

Fast acceleration of “killer” electrons and energetic ions by interplanetary shock stimulated ULF waves in the inner magnetosphere

Energetic electrons and ions in the Van Allen radiation belt are the number one space weather threat. Understanding how these energetic particles are accelerated within the Van Allen radiation belt is one of the major challenges in space physics. This paper reviews the recent progress on the fast acceleration of "killer" electrons and energetic ions by ultralow frequency (ULF) waves stimulated by the interplanetary shock in the inner magnetosphere. Very low frequency (VLF) wave-particle interaction is considered to be one of the primary electron acceleration mechanisms because electron cyclotron resonances can easily occur in the VLF frequency range. Recently, using four Cluster spacecraft observations, we have found that, after interplanetary shocks impact the Earth’s magnetosphere, energetic electrons in the radiation belt are accelerated almost immediately and continue to accelerate for a few hours. The time scale (a few days) for traditional acceleration mechanisms, based on VLF wave-particle interactions to accelerate electrons to relativistic energies, is too long to explain our observations. Furthermore, we have found that interplanetary shocks or solar wind pressure pulses, with even small dynamic pressure changes, can play a non-negligible role in radiation belt dynamics. Interplanetary shocks interaction with the Earth’s magnetosphere manifests many fundamental space physics phenomena including energetic particle acceleration. The mechanism of fast acceleration of energetic electrons in the radiation belt responding to interplanetary shock impacts consists of three contributing parts: (1) the initial adiabatic acceleration due to strong shock-related magnetic field compression; (2) followed by the drift-resonant acceleration with poloidal ULF waves excited at different L-shells; and (3) particle acceleration due to the quickly damping electric fields associated with ULF waves. Particles end up with a net acceleration because they gain more energy in the first half of this cycle than they lose in the second. The results reported in this paper cast a new light on understanding the acceleration of energetic particles in the Earth’s Van Allen radiation belt. The results of this study can likewise be applied to interplanetary shock interaction with other planets such as Mercury, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, and other astrophysical objects with magnetic fields.     

一种动态森林场景快速仿真方法

针对风力作用下的大规模森林动态场景,提出了一种基于动态纹理技术和硬件加速技术的快速仿真方法.该方法根据风力矢量和视向量,将树木受力应变分解为横向应变和纵向应变2部分;对于横向应变,使用图像变形技术实现高真实感应变仿真;对于纵向应变,通过Billboard云分段受力变形,实现快速应变仿真;使用动态纹理技术,将动态的横向变...