Occupant evacuation model based on cellular automata in fire

By applying the rules set in traffic flow and pedestrian flow models, a basic cellular automata model is presented to simulate occupant evacuation in fire. Some extended models are introduced to study the special phenomena of evacuation from the fire room. The key of the models is the introduction of the danger grade which makes the route choice convenient and reasonable. Fire not only influences the emotional and behavioral characteristics of an individual but also affects his physical constitution, which reduces his maximal possible velocity. The models consider these influence factors by applying a set of simple but effective rules. It is needed to emphasize that all rules are established according to the essential phenomenon in fire evacuation, that is, all the occupants would try to move to the safest place as fast as possible. Some simulation examples are also presented to validate the applicability of the models.     

火灾自动报警控制系统探讨

通过对火灾自动报警系统的基本组成和基本形式的介绍及报警故障的分析 ,提出提高火灾自动报警系统可靠性、降低误报率的几种方法。     

连续固体激光电源两步预离法

当前连续固体激光器由于工作物质品质提高、腔体设计和工艺的完善,激光效率已明显提高。因此,连续固体激光器正向高效,小型化发展。整机小型化的关键是电源小型化,因为它是整机的体积和重量的最主要部分。现在,虽然对电源作了大量的改进,尤其是对主电源作了许     

利用火控系统实现车辆自主式导航

对坦克车辆的自主式导航问题进行了研究,提出了对现有坦克火控系统的改进意见,推导出了相应的火控参数计算公式及自主式导航解算公式,为利用火控系统实现坦克的自主式导航奠定了基础。     

建筑物多室火灾过程的计算机模拟

应用场模拟和区域模拟相结合的方法来研究建筑物多室火灾过程，是计算机模拟多室火灾过程的一种新方法．这种新方法的主要思想是用场模拟的方法模拟着火房间，对于与着火房间相连的非着火房间，则采用区域模拟的方法．本文正是基于场区模拟这种新方法对双室火灾过程进行数值模拟．     

建筑火灾综合模拟评估在大空间建筑火灾中的初步应用

运用火灾规律双重性理论，探讨建筑火灾综合模拟评估的理论框架，以影院会堂类大空间建筑为例，运用一些可调试的模拟方法、统计分析及其模型，给出在火灾评估具体环节和应用程式上的一定程度的量化描述．实现火灾综合模拟评估理论模型的可操作性，使更进一步准确和方便地估算建筑火灾对人员、财产造成危害的几率，和判断这种危害的发生具备了初步的可能．     

浙江金衢盆地八十年代气候变化趋势及灾害演变特征分析

本文分析了本世纪八十年代金衢盆地的气候变化趋势。与前三个年代（五十、六十、七十年代）比较，八十年代具有变冷，少光，洪涝灾害频繁的趋势特征。同时，春季“三寒”（倒春寒、种田寒、５月寒），晚春初夏异常高温危害，夏凉，冬暖等异常现象突出。着重分析了气候变化及灾害演变对农林环境的不利影响，讨论了九十年代气候变异趋势及其对策。     

浅谈民用建筑火灾自动报警系统设计

当前火灾自动报警系统在民用建筑工程中广泛应用,但仍存在一些问题,除产品本身质量原因和安装调试不当外,设计缺陷也会造成系统误报、漏报,消防联动设备拒动或误动,本文针对存在的问题提出了一些简单的建议,以帮助我们在今后的工作中引起注意。     

Concentrations of “elemental carbon” in samples from the Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian and the possibility of their application in the development of evidence for the use of fire by humans

Elemental carbon?EC) is a C-rich, O-H-S-N-depleted substance that is necessarily produced in the process of combustion. Due to the logn-term use of fire by cave-inhabiting ape-men, considerable amounts of 揺lemen-tal carbon?would be necessarily left behind in the corre-sponding strata inside the cave. The sepaation of EC was effected by the chemical method and the contents of carbon were determined on an element analyser and a self-made measuring system. The concentration of Ec in the hearth,the exhibited ash samples collected from near the hearth un-earthed in the 1930s, and the three samples of accumulated material collected from the tenth bed are 43.74%, 1.77%,3.88%,1.87% and 1.11%,respectively; those of the equivalent samples from the tenth bed outside the cave and samples from the fourth and seventh beds are at least one order of magnitude lower than the former抯. The above re-sults show that the sampling location of the tenth bed may be close to the hearth. Sampling over a wider range may lead to the finding of a location where the concentrations of EC are corresponding to the maximum values of EC in the hearth. The determination and study of EC may provide new evi-dence for the use of fire by Peking Man.