美术专业实验室资源整合的探索

该文着力探讨如何使实验室在满足和方便教学的同时,又符合所在大学统一的实验室管理体制.文章主要从实验室队伍建设方面的人力资源整合以及设备使用和实验室开放方面的教学资源整合两方面深人展开分析.     

三峡库区典型消落带土壤粒径分布及分形特征

为揭示三峡库区典型消落带土壤的独特性,通过野外调查和实验室定量分析,研究了消落带典型区阶地土壤粒径分布和分形特征。结果表明：该典型消落带土壤分形维数在2.80左右;共有3种质地的土壤,分别是壤质黏土、粉砂质黏土、黏壤土,两种黏土的分形维数不存在显著差异,黏土和壤土的分形维数差异显著且分形维数以黏土的较大。土壤粒径随高程增加表现为由尖峰胖尾分布向尖峰分布变化,在降水和江水的双重作用下,较高高程处小颗粒土粒含量较低,而较低高程处小颗粒土粒含量较高。淹水年限为3 a和1 a的不同植被类型下消落带土壤分形维数不存在显著差异。     

蒸汽相变与撞击流耦合促进细颗粒物脱除

针对石灰石/石膏法湿式烟气脱硫(WFGD)工艺,考察了WFGD系统对烟气温湿度和细颗粒形貌与元素组成的影响,并分析了相变室中过饱和水汽环境的形成特性;在此基础上,采用蒸汽相变和撞击流耦合的方法,实验研究了撞击流相变室中应用蒸汽相变促进细颗粒物脱除的效果,并与普通蒸汽相变室进行了比较.结果表明:细颗粒经石灰石/石膏法脱硫...     

蒸汽相变促进湿法脱硫净烟气中细颗粒物的脱除

采用石灰石/石膏法脱硫工艺,结合蒸汽相变原理,实验考察了除雾器类型、脱硫净烟气特性、蒸汽添加量及同时在除雾器上喷低温水等对细颗粒物脱除性能的影响.结果表明:在脱硫净烟气中添加适量蒸汽,可显著提高细颗粒脱除效果,且脱除效率随蒸汽添加量增加而提高;丝网除雾器比板波纹除雾器更适于凝结长大细颗粒物的脱除;脱硫净烟气特性对细颗粒...     

湿法脱硫烟气中细颗粒物的变化特性

采用ELPI(电称低压冲击器)对WFGD(湿法烟气脱硫)前后烟气中的细颗粒进行采样分析,获得细颗粒浓度与粒径分布特性.对脱硫前后细颗粒形貌和主要元素进行SEM(扫描电镜)和EDS(能量色谱仪)分析.结果表明,NaOH和CaCO3脱硫后,WFGD系统对细颗粒脱除效率很低;氨法脱硫后WFGD出口颗粒数浓度明显增加;脱硫前后...     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定大气颗粒物中的砷形态

采用氢化物发生原子荧光法直接测定不同粒径大气颗粒物中As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的含量.研究了还原剂用量、酸介质及其酸度、载气及屏蔽气流量和观测高度等对荧光强度的影响,探讨了共存离子对砷测定的干扰.在选定的最佳条件下,得到检出限为0.34μg/L,方法检出限为0.21μg/g,加标回收率为98.18%～102.54%,相对标...     

Fast acceleration of “killer” electrons and energetic ions by interplanetary shock stimulated ULF waves in the inner magnetosphere

Energetic electrons and ions in the Van Allen radiation belt are the number one space weather threat. Understanding how these energetic particles are accelerated within the Van Allen radiation belt is one of the major challenges in space physics. This paper reviews the recent progress on the fast acceleration of "killer" electrons and energetic ions by ultralow frequency (ULF) waves stimulated by the interplanetary shock in the inner magnetosphere. Very low frequency (VLF) wave-particle interaction is considered to be one of the primary electron acceleration mechanisms because electron cyclotron resonances can easily occur in the VLF frequency range. Recently, using four Cluster spacecraft observations, we have found that, after interplanetary shocks impact the Earth’s magnetosphere, energetic electrons in the radiation belt are accelerated almost immediately and continue to accelerate for a few hours. The time scale (a few days) for traditional acceleration mechanisms, based on VLF wave-particle interactions to accelerate electrons to relativistic energies, is too long to explain our observations. Furthermore, we have found that interplanetary shocks or solar wind pressure pulses, with even small dynamic pressure changes, can play a non-negligible role in radiation belt dynamics. Interplanetary shocks interaction with the Earth’s magnetosphere manifests many fundamental space physics phenomena including energetic particle acceleration. The mechanism of fast acceleration of energetic electrons in the radiation belt responding to interplanetary shock impacts consists of three contributing parts: (1) the initial adiabatic acceleration due to strong shock-related magnetic field compression; (2) followed by the drift-resonant acceleration with poloidal ULF waves excited at different L-shells; and (3) particle acceleration due to the quickly damping electric fields associated with ULF waves. Particles end up with a net acceleration because they gain more energy in the first half of this cycle than they lose in the second. The results reported in this paper cast a new light on understanding the acceleration of energetic particles in the Earth’s Van Allen radiation belt. The results of this study can likewise be applied to interplanetary shock interaction with other planets such as Mercury, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, and other astrophysical objects with magnetic fields.     

Effects of coagulation on submerged ultrafiltration membrane fouling caused by particles and natural organic matter （NOM）

Natural organic matter (NOM) and particles in source water are responsible for the majority of ultrafiltration (UF) membrane fouling that occurs during drinking water treatment. This study was conducted to (1) understand the UF membrane fouling phenomena caused by NOM and turbidity-causing particles and (2) investigate the effect of coagulation pretreatment on the alleviation of membrane fouling. In this study, kaolinite and humic acid (HA) were used to simulate the particles and NOM present in source water. The results revealed that the particles contributed to reversible fouling due to cake layer formation on the membrane surface, but that could be effectively reduced by increasing the frequency of physical backwashing. The results of the molecular weight (MW) distribution measurements, resin fractionation, SEM and FTIR analyses showed that HA primarily contributed to irreversible fouling. Taken together, the results of this study imply that the particles and NOM compounds present in source water may have different fouling behavior, and that particles may mitigate the irreversible fouling caused by HA. The addition of coagulant can lead to a higher rate of removal of large-sized hydrophobic compounds. Coagulation pretreatment can improve membrane performance and postpone membrane fouling development effectively, as well as retard the implementation of membrane chemical cleaning.     

Genetic analysis and fine mapping of an enclosed panicle mutant esp2 in rice （Oryza sativa L.）

The phenomenon of panicle enclosure in rice is mainly caused by the shortening of uppermost internode.Elucidating the molecular mechanism of panicle enclosure will be helpful for solving the problem of panicle enclosure in male sterile lines and creating new germplasms in rice.We acquired a monogenic recessive enclosed panicle mutant,named as esp2 (enclosed shorter panicle 2),from the tissue culture progeny of indica rice cultivar Minghui-86.In the mutant,panicles were entirely enclosed by flag leaf sheaths and the uppermost internode was almost completely degenerated,but the other internodes did not have obvious changes in length.Genetic analysis indicated that the mutant phenotype was controlled by a recessive gene,which could be steadily inherited and was not affected by genetic background.Apparently,ESP2 is a key gene for the development of uppermost internode in rice.Using an F 2 population of a cross between esp2 and a japonica rice cultivar Xiushui-13 as well as SSR and InDel markers,we fine mapped ESP2 to a 14-kb region on the end of the short arm of chromosome 1.According to the rice genome sequence annotation,only one intact gene exists in this region,namely,a putative phosphatidylserine synthase gene.Sequencing analysis on the mutant and the wild type indicated that this gene was inserted by a 5287-bp retrotransposon sequence.Hence,we took this gene as a candidate of ESP2.The results of this study will facilitate the cloning and functional analysis of ESP2 gene.     

核壳结构聚合物乳胶粒的制备与表征

选用苯乙烯和丙烯酸丁酯为聚合单体,改变乳化剂和引发剂用量,制备粒径分布较窄的苯丙乳液.以此为种子胶乳,选用甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸乙酯(EA)和甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为第2步聚合单体,分别采用批量法和半连续滴加法,制备出具有核壳结构且性能稳定的乳胶粒乳液.通过粒径分析和透射电镜,测试和比较分析两种乳胶粒粒径和形貌...