超声波条件下合成小粒度4A沸石

在超声波条件下进行了小粒度4A沸石的合成,考察了晶化温度、晶化时间及超声波功率对产品合成的影响,确定了适宜的工艺条件,并对产品进行了XRD,SEM和离子交换性能表征.超声波条件下合成的4A沸石产品钙离子交换容量为359 mg/g,镁离子交换容量为186 mg/g,白度为95,平均粒度为2.54 μm,其性能明显优于传统水热法制得的产品.     

燃烧过程中有害物质的富集与超细颗粒物的形成

燃煤排放的超细颗粒物及其上富集的有害物质已对环境和人类健康造成了巨大危害.通过对烟煤在沉降炉内燃烧试验研究,综合分析了煤粉粒径、燃烧温度、氧气含量对一次颗粒物形成的影响,并探讨了烟煤的膨胀特性及其对颗粒物形成的影响;采用最新的采样方法和系统从空气动力学直径角度对多台燃煤锅炉除尘器入口、出口的飞灰颗粒进行13级分级取样,得到了除尘器前后飞灰颗粒、元素的质量粒径分布规律、元素分布富集规律及不同除尘器对不同粒径颗粒的除尘效率;揭示了有害元素在超细颗粒物上的分布规律;针对燃后区化学团聚促进作用进行了实验研究,发现团聚剂能较好促进超细颗粒物团聚,使烟尘排放减低50%.     

核壳聚合物与SBR协同改性沥青的研究

利用种子乳液聚合方法,合成了核壳聚合物聚丁二烯接枝聚苯乙烯粒子,同时在壳层组分中引入了乳化沥青成分,与丁苯橡胶（SBR）协同共混改性沥青.通过对改性后沥青的低温延度、高温贮存稳定性以及橡胶相在基质沥青中分散状态的分析,得到了一种高、低温性能均较好的改性沥青.改性沥青的低温延度超过150 cm,高温贮存离析差小于2.5℃,橡胶相呈点阵状均匀分散于基质沥青中.     

空中目标辐射源的个体识别方法

针对传统的辐射源个体识别方法在低信噪比环境下识别性能不佳的问题,提出了一种空中目标辐射源的个体识别方法,该方法利用经验模态分解和变分模态分解得到信号不同频率的模态分量,将各模态分量的多尺度排列熵作为特征,利用主成分分析对数据进行降维,并采用支持向量机分类器进行辐射源个体识别。仿真结果表明,该方法对相位噪声、频率漂移以及谐波失真等细微特征的识别性能明显优于传统方法,并具有良好的抗噪性。     

Vaults and the major vault protein: Novel roles in signal pathway regulation and immunity

The unique and evolutionary highly conserved major vault protein (MVP) is the main component of ubiquitous, large cellular ribonucleoparticles termed vaults. The 100 kDa MVP represents more than 70% of the vault mass which contains two additional proteins, the vault poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (vPARP) and the telomerase-associated protein 1 (TEP1), as well as several short untranslated RNAs (vRNA). Vaults are almost ubiquitously expressed and, besides chemotherapy resistance, have been implicated in the regulation of several cellular processes including transport mechanisms, signal transmissions and immune responses. Despite a growing amount of data from diverse species and systems, the definition of precise vault functions is still highly complex and challenging. Here we review the current knowledge on MVP and vaults with focus on regulatory functions in intracellular signal transduction and immune defence. Received 27 June 2008; received after revision 25 July 2008; accepted 30 July 2008     

Zinc binding to peptide analogs of the structural zinc site in alcohol dehydrogenase: Implications for an entatic state

Zinc binding to the peptide replica and analogs to residues 93–115 of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was examined by competition of the peptides and the chromophoric chelator 4-(2- pyridylazo)resorcinol for zinc and X-ray absorption fine structure analysis of the zinc ligands. In the enzyme, zinc is coordinated by four Cys residues. In the peptide replica, zinc is bound to three Cys and one His residue. A four-Cys zinc coordination is observed only when His is removed, leading to increased zinc stability. ADH crystal structures reveal that the ε-amino group of the conserved residue Lys323 is within H-bond distance of the backbone amide oxygens of residues 103, 105 and 108, likely stabilizing the zinc coordination in the enzyme. The peptide data thus indicate structural strain and increased energy in the zinc-binding site in the protein, characteristic of an entatic state, implying a functional nature for this zinc site. Received 3 July 2008; received after revision 11 August 2008; accepted 1 September 2008     

水汽在细微颗粒表面异质核化数值分析

建立蒸汽在同时含有不溶物质与可溶成分的粗糙颗粒表面核化特性数值实验平台,对水汽异质核化晶核形成自由能、成核速率、成核几率、成核临界饱和度、平衡水汽饱和度进行数值分析.结果表明:可溶性盐含量对成核自由能势垒、成核临界饱和度无影响,但对晶核越过自由能势垒进一步长大过程自由能及平衡水汽饱和度影响显著.用自仿射分形理论描述粗糙颗粒表面,将表面粗糙程度与接触角联系起来,研究发现:颗粒表面粗糙度降低了成核自由能势垒,引起成核速率与成核几率迅速增大,成核临界饱和度降低,而对晶核进一步长大过程中水汽的平衡无明显影响.较高的可溶性盐含量有利于核化液滴的长大;颗粒表面越粗糙,越易于核化.     

Vaidya-Bonner空时中Dirac粒子和标量粒子的能级比较

用旋量零标架方法推导出Vaidya-Bonnet空时中Dirac粒子的能级方程;从Hamilton-Jacobin方程出发,通过广义Tortoise变换推导出该时空中标量粒子的能级方程;发现Dirac粒子和标量粒子在该空时中的能量分布在视界附近有着明显的不同,但在远离视界处即r→∞时是相同的,都等于它的静止质量,两类粒子的能级方程则有明显区别。     

构式语义和语用义的整合：以“给我＋动词短语”为例

语义和语用义会在构式内互动和整合。为了证实这一论点，本研究从认知构式语法角度对“给我＋动词短语”构式作出探讨。此构式展示含两个组块的框架构式，其中的动词短语独立使用有祈使功能。第一组块与第二组块整合后会产生两义：1．标识位移目标的语义组合；2．标识特殊语用功能的语法化单位。前义与祈使句涉及事件的言内行为相关，后义加剧祈使句的言外之义和言后效果。此两义促成两个不同子构式。基于历时调查的认知演进构拟显示，此构式引申于双宾语构式，其引申方式是隐喻和转喻识解。     

提高“精细化工实验”课教学效果的探索

以粉末涂料固化剂的合成、分析及其应用实验为例,构建以培养应用型本科人才的"精细化工实验"的新式教学模式。这类实验对学生综合利用所学知识的能力是一种挑战,能有效地锻炼和培养学生解决综合问题的能力。对精细化工实验教学综合性、设计性、研究性实验项目中的选题、实施及教学方法进行了探讨。对精细化工专业实验中提高学生综合素质的探索与实践的结果进行了小结。着重提出了将课堂教学、实验教学与生产实际紧密结合,注重培养学生的应用型综合素质。